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READ THESE FACTS BEFORE YOU BUY ANY STORM WINDOWS...

THIS WINTER ALONE!

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SAVE ON FUEL BILLS THIS WINTER

_No matter if weather outside is gale wind pressure, Hold-Fast Thermoplastic storm windows help keep your home insulated. No matter how cold out of doors, Hold-Fast Thermoplastic storm windows help keep that cold out and heat in. Ne wind, draft, or dampness to ruin your comfort.

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Pay postman only $5.98 plus postage for each set of 10-win- dow Thermoplastic you order. That’s less than 59c a window. Then install your storm windows in every room of your house. If your Hold-Fast Thermoplastic doesn’t do everything we say — return within the next 10 days for full refund.

TRANSPARENT HOLD-FAST THERMOPLASTIC seals out cold and seals in heat.

Protects you and your family from bone-chilling drafts and dampness. Keeps

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THE SECRET OF THERMOPLASTIC’S STRENGTH LIES IN ITS “SPRING ACTION” STRETCH. Thermoplastic is only 1/20th the weight of window glass, yet has a tensile strength of 3,000 lbs. per square inch— withstands up to gale wind pressure without even a rattle. Make this stretch test at home and prove to yourself that this amazing ‘Spring Action Wonder Material’”’ stands more punishment than glass without shattering. Tough, rugged Hold-Fast Thermoplastic helps seal out winter cold and helps keep your home snug and

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Hold-Fast Thermoplastic Helps Seal Out Drafts— Saves Average Home- owner Many Dollars in Fuel Yearly!

Take 2 windows.-Leave one| When wind velocity reaches 30

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WITHOUT THERMOPLASTIC

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Do your windows turn moist and foggy on cold winter days?

Then you need: storm windows.

Why? Science tells us the mois- ture on your window pane is proof that cold air is seeping into your home and valuable heat is escaping—proof you are actu-

ally losing as much as 5 to 15 degrees of heat every cold day

—proof storm windows can save you as much as 20% on

fuel bills this winter.

Lots of homeowners simply

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Fast border seals windows

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around the sides. And Thermo-

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or shatter.

ONLY PLASTIC STORM WINDOW THAT OPENS AND SHUTS

Unlike other plastic storm

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HOLD-FAST THERMOPLASTI storm window never lets air grow stale.

To clean your Thermoplastic storm windows, simply wipe them with a damp cloth—no messy washing necessary. Hold- Fast Thermoplastic storm win- dows are transparent...and they cost you only 59c each. But first come, first served. So if you want Hold-Fast Thermoplastic Storm Windows this winter you must reserve your order now. Mail No-Risk Coupon below today. HASTINGS INDUSTRIES 60 Front St. West, Toronto, Ont.

Entire contents copyrighted by HASTINGS INDUSTRIES, 1954, Toronto

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UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF ALBE® °

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,60 FRONT ST. WEST, TORONTO, ONT.

Please rush me 108 square feet of Hold-Fast Thermoplastic... enough to fully seal and protect ten windows in my home,. complete with temperature control Hold-Fast borders. When postman arrives I will pay low price of $5.98 plus postage. But if my Hold-Fast Thermoplastic does not do everything you say, I will keep any 2 storm windows FREE and return the rest any time within ten days for full refund.

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21 ft. Hutchinson Grain Auger.

Reg. $179.00. ‘SPECIAL "$119.00 27 ft. Hutchinson Grain Auger.

Reg. $219.00. SPECIAL ” $129.00 33 ft. Hutchinson Grain Auger.

Reg. $295.00. SPECIAL $189.00.

1,250 Bus. Heavy eyty: Sioux Grain Bin. Reg. $469 SPECIA $359.00 2,300 Bus. Heavy ee Sioux Grain Bin. Reg. $779. SPECIAL $629.00 9’ 6” Kelly Ryan Tandem Disc Harrows Reg. $259.00. SPECIAL $159.00 11’ 9” Kelly- Ryan Tandem Disc Har- rows. Reg. $359.00 SPECIAL $219.00 Geh! Forage Harvester Demonstrator. Reg. $1,575.00 SPECIAL $1,290.00

(Fully Guaranted) 2 H.P.. Mighty Man Garden. Tractor. Fully Guaranteed Demonstrator. Reg $169.75. - SPECIAL $129.00 OTACO FARM WAGONS — 9 Ton Ca- pacity. Reg. $169.00. SPECIAL $129.00

(Less Tires) WESTON FARM TRUCK HOISTS — Capacity to 8 tons. Maa with pump, P.T.O. Reg $304.00. SPECIAL $239.00 CAT’S EYE TRACTOR LIGHTS. Reg. $2.95. SPECIAL, each $1.95 SNOW FENCE — 100 ft. rolls. Reg. $23.00. Now, per roll ......... $19.00 ALL ABOVE NEW — ALL FULLY GUARANTEED. F. O. B. Calgary, Alta., or Saskatoon, Sask.

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Road Full

of Sheep

Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1954—Page 3

Photo by Clemson.

The Farm ana Ranch Review

706 - 2nd Avenue. West, Calgary, Alberta

Vol. L.

Founded in 1905 by Charles W. Peterson

flames H. Gray. Editor

Contents—

Editorials

The German Menace...............2....-- How to Make a Feeding Deal ....

The Garden Page

Kerry Wood

Wheat and Chaff

All Cows Are Nasty ..

Dr. Morley’s Sermon

Aunt Sal

Refrigerators

CALGARY

Ranges

Frigidaire

brings you famous quality and great value in a whole

Family of Fine Appliances

Freezers Consult Your Local Dealer or Write

— BRUCE ROBINSON Electric Ltd.

ALBERTA DISTRIBUTORS EDMONTON

No. 12 P. Peterson, Advertising Manager

Published Monthly by Farm and Ranch Review Limited . Printed by Western Printing &

Lithographing Co. Ltd.

706 - 2nd Ave. W., Calgary, Alberta Entered as Second-class Mail Matter at the Post Office, Calgary, Alberta Member of the Audit Bureau of Circulations. EASTERN ADVERTISING OFFICES: Room 410, 86 Bloor Street, were Toronto, Ont,

W. H. PEIRCE, Hunresentathes SUBSCRIPTION RATES : To bona-fide

farmers residing in B.C., Alta., Sask. and Manitoba when remittance is made

direct to our office — 15c for 1 year, 25c for 2 years, 50c for 5 years, to all others $1.00 per year. DISPLAY

ADVERTISING RATES: Ninety cents per agate line. CLASSIFIED ADVER- TISING accepted at display rates only.

i a a i i ne ee Oe Oe Oe

Washers

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What’s news aft Inco?

615 feet above some high ground near Copper Cliff, Ontario, the tallest chimney in the British Commonwealth will

soon rear its nickel-chrome stainless

steel crown.

It will be the symbol of a victory by Inco’s research staffs over a problem that has defied solution for a great many years, The problem was how to extract iron

from the nickel ore at a profit.

Inco’s faith in its trail-blazing new process is being shown by the expenditure

of $16 million on the first unit of a plant that will eventually produce a million tons

a vear of iron ore of a quality never before produced in quantity in North America.

This is but one of the history making developments undertaken at Inco in recent years which have so far required

Zz the allocation of $160 million of 4 Inco’s own funds.

(gs

"The Romance of Nickel”’, a 72-page book, fully illustrated, will be sent free on request lo anyone interested,

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THE PNTERNATIONAL Nicket C Qurany

* OF CANADA, LIMITED « 25 KING STREET WEST, TORONTO

ee a) vinos te : fey

Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1954—-Page 5

The Farm and Ranch Editorial Page...

Let’s get some answers to the practical questions

WEE never been too sure that producer or government marketing boards offer a complete solution to all the problems of the non-grain farmers. It's always seemed to us that by concentrating on solving our wheat marketing problem we would best serve our main interests. Obviously we sink or swim on the price.of wheat, whereas the prices obtained for vegetables, poultry and eggs, pork and even beef cattle are of secondary importance.

As the arguments over the producer boards proceed this fall and winter, we hope to see the following points clarified. If they cause us to suspend our judgment, they must also be causing many farmers and ranchers of the West to have their doubts.

1. What exactly do the advocates of compulsory producer boards for beef cattle hope to achieve? What is the problem they hope the board will solve? Do they expect to get a higher price for all their beef, or have they some faith that a board might fill in some of the price dips that are the main grievance of the beef people?

2. Is it hoped to raise the price of beef at the retail level, the wholesale level or at the stockyards level? Is it thought that a producer board could process cattle at a smaller margin than those now in the busi- ness? The big spread in beef prices is be- tween the wholesaler and the consumer. That is, the retailer is the fellow that takes the biggest bite out of the consumer's dollar. How do we reduce that bite?

We have heard advocates of the pro- ducer boards cite the Milk Boards as an example of how these boards would work in the interests of the producers. They have picked one of the best examples possible. The Milk Boards have been largely respon- sible for bringing a degree of stability at fairly profitable levels to the milk business and particularly to the producers.

It is important, however, to make sure |

that we are comparing things that are com- parable. The milk business was always centralized. That is: the product of many formers passed into relatively few hands. The creameries not only bought and pro- cessed the milk; they sold it directly to the consumers. By tradition they had their own delivery systems. Indeed, the crisis in the milk business developed when the chain stores tried to use milk as a loss leader to entice customers into their stores.

The beef tradition is just the reverse of the milk tradition. If the meat packers fol- lowed the milk processors, they would do the bulk of the retail business in meats. In- stead they do none. All the meat consumed in Canadian: cities is marketed retail by other organizations, by the food chains, by the department stores, by the hundred of small butcher shops.

‘the price?

A producer board which would try to set the prices of beef all down the line, as milk prices are set, would be given an im- possible task. The profit margin that would enable one packer to get rich would bank- rupt another. The retail margin that a chain store would find highly profitable would drive all the small merchants out of busi- ness. Perhaps all that is not part of the ar- gument. But it seems to us that considera- tions of this kind are the very heart of the beef marketing problem. Certainly they point up the fact that merchandising beef is a highly complicated business.

3. On previous occasions we've men- tioned some of the problems that will con- front boards that are set up to deal with what can be called incidental crops. Should a board be established to handle all the seeds raised in this country?. How could it control the surpluses of seeds that develop, except by doing what the trade does, cutting When seed prices are high, everybody wants to get into the act. They force the price down, only the regular grow- ers are left. They struggle along until the surplus is worked off, the price rises and attracts the newcomers all over again. How, then, is it proposed to handle problems like that?

4. All across the prairies farmers’ wives have been battling the law of supply and demand in eggs and poultry since the dawn of settlement. When they have no eggs to sell, prices are always high. But as soon as their pullets start laying the country is

Freight rates

flooded with eggs and the prices drop. High egg prices encourage people living on the fringes of the cities to buy an extra 50 or 100 baby chicks. When these chicks mature and start to lay they help drive the price of eggs down. Well how does a poultry mar- keting board controlled by the poultry pro- ducers solve that one?

These are all highly practical problems. As we say, they are problems we hope to see discussed this fall and winter. Unfor- tunately, too much of the discussion we have heard has been on a far different level. To wit:

“The farm organizations and their lead- ers have been bombarding governments with demands for marketing boards. There- fore, we must pass this resolution favoring a marketing board in order to back up our leaders!"

All of our readers have heard this argu- ment advanced. It seems to us that this is the worst argument that can be advanced for the boards. There is only one reason why the farmers should get these marketing boards. That is because they have argued the issue out, have completely talked it out and are overwhelmingly in favor of the boards. That stage has certainly not yet been reached.

Having said all that, we must add this: The opponents of the producer board idea have not emerged from the discussions so for with any marks for exemplary conduct. It isn't enough to say the bgards are no good and soak them with a lot of smear words. Those who don't like the boards and the compulsion that is inevitable in their operation should be working to devise ways and means of removing the causes of all this agitation for boards. Let's get back to beef cattle again. Surely it ought to be possible to invent some method of overcom- ing the price dips that develop at our stock- yards.

The producer who gets caught in those dips, and has to sell his animals for less than the market has been bringing, is going to have a talking point aqainst the present system for the rest of his life.

and prairie farmers ;

Fo 50 years one of the curses of the economical life of Western Canada has been high freight rates. Prairie farmers pay the freight on the food they ship to market and they pay the freight on everything that comes into this part of the country. And because the West has not had the benefit of water competition the rates out here have been much higher than those down east, where there was water transportation.

Every now and then, however, a com- petitive factor has been introduced into our section of the country. For example, the truckers moved in a few years ago and grabbed most of the automobile freight business from the railways. The result was that the prices we paid for our cars and trucks were reduced. To get the business back the railways made deals with the auto makers. In return for contracting to ship 75 per cent of their cars by rail, the motor com- panies got a special rate from the railways.

To meet similar competition from truck- ers, particularly between the East and the coast, other special “agreed charges’ were offered. This “agreed charge” business placed a few Alberta concerns at a disad- vantage. Some time ago the Transport Board ruled that freight rates to intermediate points in Alberta could not be more than a third higher than those charged to the coast. The railways contended that the one-third rule should not apply to ‘agreed charge” orticles. .

This is a complicated subject. But it seems to us that the Alberta business people got onto the wrong track when they. started denouncing the “agreed charge” contracts of the railways. These contracts enable the railways to meet competition for fhe high tariff freight. They can fight back at the truckers by lowering their rates. At a time when all our costs are rising, it is in the in- terest of the farmers of the West to get lower

(Continued on page 6)

Page 6—November, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

Farm and-Ranch Editorials

Democracy

can’t be en forced

ORMALLY, we don't have too much to

say in these columns on high level in- ternational affairs. It's an overcrowded field for commentators, anyway. Besides there are usually too many important things affect- ing Prairie Farmers to have much space left when we get through with those topics. But there is one point about the clash between Communism and Democracy that has us completely baffled. It is this:

Suppose we get into a shooting war with the Russians and the Chinese and after the world has been half destroyed by hydro- gen bombs and worse, we force our enemies to surrender. How do we win the peace? How do we proceed with the problem of con- verting 200,000,000 Russions to democracy? Just because we think that democracy pro- vides the perfect way of life, it doesn’t follow that everybody else would think likewise if they had the chance. The Germans, the Italians and the Spaniards in fact all had the chance and decided they would like to- talitarianism a lot better. Germany is now getting a second chance. So is Italy. But will they not in the end revert to the sort of government they find most comfortable? There is a type of mind which dislikes mak- ing decisions, which prefers not to think for itself, which is completely content in being told what to do and when to doit. Such a type of mind doesn't make for a healthy democracy.

Let's remember that the Russia of today is composed exclusively of people who know nothing else but ordering and being ordered about. What if many of them have grown to dislike it? Many of them were disgruntled in 1941 and greeted Hitler's armies as liber- ators, until they learned differently. Perhaps they would behave the same if our armies march in on some tomorrow. But what hap- pens when the shooting stops? How do you put a democratic system into operation in Russia, when the instincts of all the people are totalitarian?

Do we send over a million skilled in- structors who will teach democracy to the Russians? Where in the world would we find that many instructors, or half the many, or a tenth that many? A Democracy can be overthrown by Communism very simply, by seizing control of the army and the police. That happened all over Europe. But neither

(Continued from page 5}

freight rates whenever and wherever we can.

Instead of criticising the “agreed charge” system we should be supporting it and concentrating on getting it applied to the freight covered by the “through-rate- plus-one-third’” rule. The Farm and Ranch has argued many times that the farmers of the West have a vital stake in preserving our railways in a healthy condition. For 20 years, the truckers have been skimming the cream off the top of the freight business. For too long the railways sat back and did nothing to get their most profitable business back. Now they've started to fight back and we say all power to them.

the army nor the police are capable of im- posing Democracy on a people.

Democracy is something you have to live with a long time to understand. It's a second and third generation thing, not some- thing anybedy can learn quickly. It's some- thing that different people work out in differ- ent ways. American Democracy is very different from our own in form, though the substance is similar. French Democracy and British Democracy have little in com- mon; India and Pakistan are different again.

Russian Democracy in the nature of things would be different again. It won't be something imposed from without but some- thing worked out from within. And how long would it take to work out? A generation, or two, or five? So it seems to us that the ar- guments in favor of trying to work out some method of living together are unanswerable. We don't have to like‘each other, but we do have to live together. Our own course should be to take every step necessary to protect ourselves while at the same time stop toying with the idea of winning any- thing with a war of hydrogen bombs.

Let’s celebrate this birthday

a the year coming up, the people of Al- berta and Saskatchewan are going to have a real excuse for a celebration. It will mark the 50th anniversary of the entry of these provinces into Confederation. Saskatchewan has had the matter of putting on a real bang-up birthday party well in hand for some time. In Alberta things are lagging badly. Why, we wonder,

can't our two governments join forces and -

co-ordinate their plans and by joint effort have twice as much success.

There is the idea of inviting a member of the Royal Family to pay us a visit and take part in festivities. We should have our plans worked out so that things like that are taken care of. A joint invitation would bear just twice the weight of a single invitation.

The history of this region is of course the history of farm settlement and agricultural development. We'd like to see our summer exhibitions bear that in mind next year, and for one year at least get their attention directed back to the farm and the farmers. We have all come a long way in 50 years. There is a lot to be learned from the ex- periences we have been through. So let's handle this celebration the way such things have always been handled on the prairies, by the good neighborly approach in which everybody pitches in and works together to put the thing over.

Talking through

his hat

LBERTA readers of the Farm and Ranch, who have been futilely trying to prevent

the expansion of municipal boundaries to the size of English counties, will be interest-

ed in the following quotation from the Rocky Mountain House Mountaineer. Hon. A. J. Hooke spoke at a meeting at Rocky and this is what he said:

“He assured the meeting that we would not be pushed into any co-terminus set-up without our consent. Referring to the un- popular proposal of the commission that this area be included in Lacombe, he said he had received a storm of protest by phone, wire and letter and all were bitterly _ opposed to the idea. He said that nothing would be done until the people of this constituency agree.

“He personally favors co-terminus boundaries but only where those affected are agreeable and a scheme will be work- ed out that will satisfy us all.”

Either the Hon. Mr. Hooke is talking

- through his hat, or his constituency is going

to be treated a lot differently from the rest of southern Alberta. Elsewhere the people have not been consulted, the co-terminus boun- daries idea has been adopted and effective municipal government has been destroyed. Nobody, seemingly, has paid any attention to public protests. Neither the Hon. Mr. Halm- rast or Hon. Mr. Casey prevented the co- terminus boundaries from being applied to their constituencies.

Our own guess is that the electors of Rocky Mountain House will wind up in the same boat with the rest of southern Alberta, despite Mr. Hooke'’s promises to the contrary.

‘Freshly churned’’ means butter

WEE been getting increasingly provok- ed lately by the choice of words of the margarine advertisers. It isn't enough to color the stulf to look like butter and pack- age it to look like butter. Now their using terms to describe margarine that belong ex- clusively to butter.

Take the phrase “freshly churned” for example. Ask 95 per cent of the people what they think of upon hearing that phrase and they'll answer buiter. The other five per cent will probably think of curds and. whey.

So the margarine hucksters are now using the phrase “freshly churned” to de- scribe margarine in the hope that they can entice some butter eaters into using the stuff. And, this, we submit is just plainly dishonest, a downright fraud on the people of this country.

They don’t churn cottonseed oil and peanut oil and soy bean oil to make mar- garine. They put it through a hydrogena- tion process. Whether it is used soon after this processing or not doesn't seem to matter. “Stale’’ margarine, we gather, is the same

s “fresh” margarine. Or maybe we should say “fresh” margarine is indistinguishable from “‘stale’’ margarine.

Why, we wonder, can't the hucksters stick to facts? Can it be that Canadians are becoming increasingly, hard to sell mar- garine to and that the hucksters are getting a little desperate? We hope so.

The German shadow

hovers over

‘ By BEN

INCE the end of the war the

alphabet has been pressed into use numberless times in the search for abbreviations for new organizations. There is NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) ; UNESCO _(Unit- ~ ed Nations Educational, Scienti- fic, and Cultural Organization) ; GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade); WHO (World Health Organization) ; and a host of. others. And now there is BRUTO, which stands for Brussels Treaty Organiza- tion.

BRUTO is the outcome of a conference of nine countries, held in London a few weeks ago, which agreed to let Germany re- arm to the level of 12 divisions, mainly armored and mechaniz- ed. The decision was historic not only for that reason, but be- cause Britain offered to keep four divisions, which include al- most all of its armored forces, on the continent of Europe dur- ing the next 44 years, or until almost the end of the century. Essentially, the British troops - are to be kept in Europe not to protect Western Europe from Russian aggression, but to pro- tect France from potential Ger-- man aggression<

Britain is now directly in- volved in Europe’s fortunes. How -this will affect Britain’s imperial interests remains to be seen, but undoubtedly Britain’s former capacity to keep military ‘forces in existence around the°- world will be sharply reduced.

The BRUTO powers comprise Britain, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, Canada; West Germany, and the United States. BRUTO derives its name from the- old Brussels Treaty. Organization, in which the first five countries were members, and to which the other four have now been added.. It replaces the Euro- pean Defence Community, which was to-have set up an _ integrated European army, in which German troops would not have had a separate existence, but would have come under overall EDC command.

France had objected that West Germany would be the. dominant member of EDC, and could swing EDC into promot- ing purely German policies, such as reunification of the country, and recovery of territories lost to Poland and Czechoslovakia. France, therefore, would not ~ rectify the EDC-treaty. BRUTO appears to get around the ob- jections, leaving France control of its own forces, while the presence of British troops in Europe would act as a counter-

poise to German strength.

An Improvement The new organization is an improvement: over EDC, -be- cause it cannot be used by Ger-

Europe

MALKIN

many for German purposes as EDC might have been. But is it the final answer to the problem of averting Russian aggression? At least equally important, is it the solution to the problem of war or peace in Europe?

Since the setting up of the North Atlantic Organization, there has been little fear of ac- tual Russian military -aggres-

sion in Europe. NATO commit- |-

ted United States troops to European defence, and after all the only deterrent to aggression that makes much sense is the involvement of American power. The chief value in mustering West European troops, many of

whom have been armed by the |

U.S. and Canada with unwanted World War II weapons, has lain in satisfying the American pub- lic that it is not bearing the whole defence burden. It has been a morale question. It fol- lows that the rearming of Ger- many does not.so much add to the West’s deterrent strength (Russia could easily match Ger- many’s 12 divisions) as it gives the West a comfortable feeling that everyone is ‘doing their share. :

Yet is this feeling, valuable as it is, worth the risk of rearm- ing Germany? For if 12 Ger- man divisions do not matter in stopping the Russians nearly so much as the certain knowledge by Moscow that it will be at war with the U.S. if the Red Army attacks, German forces do mat- ter as a potential mischief- maker. German issues exist around which nationalistic, war- like parties could rally support, and which must be settled if a re-armed Germany is not to be- come a danger to peace.

One such issue is the coun- try’s unification, and the Rus- sians, were clever enough to see this when they proposed to dis- cuss the question right after BRUTO was formed. Another issue is the territories lost. to Eastern Europe after-the war. More than 20 per cent of Ger- many’s population consists. of refugees, and apart from. West Germany’s sentimental attach- ment to the lost territories, the refugees form a large enough group to constitute a powerful political force. ~ When Germany has its army and

can do something about the situa-

tion, it is-virtually certain that they will be heard from.

One of the best features of BRUTO is that it includes an at- tempt, if on a limited scale, to control» West European arma= ment. The solution to the ques-

tion of war or peace would seem }-

to lie.in a more extended effort at arms control, to take in the West and Russia. The solution may be visionary, but it is sure-

- ly in Russia’s- interest: as.:much

as in the West’s to avoid war.

Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1994—Page 7

The Mystery Men Who do you favours

There are millions of them all over the country. ~

You pass them every day in the street without realizing who they are and how much they help you. In fact,

~ even they don’t usually know that they’re doing anything

important for all their fellow-citizens.

Yet, together, they pour more than 200 million dollars every year into a wide variety of projects that promote progress from coast to coast. They may help build an oil pipeline that stretches for hundreds of miles. Or a group of new homes in some city suburb. Or any number of useful public works, such as roads, bridges, schools, sewage disposal plants.

Are all these people rich? Far from it! They are people in all walks of life, who are life insurance policyholders! And the money they lend for these purposes comes from their life insurance premiums. This money, invested for them by their life insurance companies, helps finance many of these important projects that benefit one and all.

Indirectly, these policyholders also promote better health. For life insurance companies contribute funds to medical research work aimed at eliminating many dread diseases.

And they’re helpful citizens in still another way. Because they own life insurance, their families will never be

‘completely dependent on others.

So if you are a life insurance policyholder, remember —

in all these ways you’re helping to make Canada a better

[and to live in! |

P.S. FROM YOUR LIFE INSURANCE MAN

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Page 8—November, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

‘Wit oR’ RANGE

PELLETS

Cattle feeding on share basis

By GRANT MacEWAN

NE of the spectators. at In most of the share con- ‘XY Moose Jaw Feeder Show tracts involving breeding sheep was heard to say, “I’ve got hay the party furnishing ewes and and lots of barley and low-grade’ rams and the party providing wheat and I’d be interested in feed and care have divided pro- fattening some steers this win- ceeds from wool and lambs ona | ter, but I can’t finance the feed- fifty-fifty basis after sufficient er cattle’, =: ove lambs ae been retained Quite a few farming people 10% ewe replacements. It is might say the same, which thought, however, ‘that such a split in revenue is not entirely

FOR CATTLE AND SHEEP

100 LBS.

24% Protein

100 LBS.

32% Protein

_ BETTER

& = FINISH prompts a consideration \of 5. |share or contract féeding by fi to the feeder ane caretaker RANGE PELLETS \ which one party, called the £9 G9 per cent or 66 2/3 per cent

“owner or speculator, furnishes the cattle and another, the feed- er, assumes cougars! for feed and care, and both parties ie or ; nee | benefit from the Teeronsel value Maintained in number: 8 for him. of the animals. The margin of profit in cattle | There have been numerous feeding or fattening over the | plans for sharing in livestock Years, has been reasonably at- breeding and feeding. A few tractive; but still, it has been | have worked justly and satis- marrow enough that unless the factorily. Many have been faul- . revenue split in a two-party pro- ty because they permitted an 8ram is made with the utmost unjust division of the profits, It ¢are, one of those parties will should be possible to strike such receive the profit while the other a deal that, with usual market- sets only a bit of unfortunate | ing conditions, the feeder would ©Xperience. receive a fair return for his feed. Three plans for contract and time and the owner or sup- ‘cattle fattening have been em- | plier of the cattle would receive ployed in Western Canada and

FOR

erie ANG SHEEP of. the returns.as long as the

breeding flock remains the pro- perty of the purchaser and is

CATTLE AND SHEEP

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GRAINS, GRASSES, HAY AND SILAGE.

See Your Local “ViGoR” Dealer

BURNS & co. LIMITED — FEED DIVISION The first advice to. the man-con-

i ~ _Sidering feeding on shares or lease, however, is, “Be cautious: above all else, do not rush in until the feeding conditions have been studied and all.the essential details set down in contract form.” Live- stock sharing contracts made hur- riedly or thoughtlessly have usual- ly proven to be inequitable and consequently they have been short- lived. Nothing can ruin an other- wise fine friendship faster than an ill-conceived, two-party feeding ar- rangement.

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’ Judging from Western Cana- dian experience, share contracts have proven to be more gener- ally satisfactory with breeding sheep than with breeding cattle and there has been ‘no particu- - lar incentive to produce pigs on such a basis. There is compar- atively little trading in feeder pigs since breeders and raisers nearly always feed their animals out to market weight and finish. Furthermore, the sow’s natural prolificacy, giving litters of . eight, ten or more pigs at a time, reduces the feeder’s prob- lems in getting sufficient num- bers to be worthwhile and thus it works against the attractions that might otherwise go with co-operative feeding plans. And so, pigs have had the least to offer when :share_ operations have been considered.

Some quite successful share

CONSISTENTLY. IMPROVED YIELDS

q00"

punt }\ Wes

¥ FLEE ze

there have been many modifica- tions of each. The simplest plan ‘and perhaps the _ least equitable, consists of the feeder-.- operator undertaking to fatten a group of cattle placed with him for the gain alone. In such case, the feeder taking 50 year- ling steers weighing 700 pounds .each would be starting with a total of 35,000 pounds.., Let it be assumed that one steer died during the fattening period, and that in due course ‘the feeder turned back to the owner, 49 fat steers weighing 1,000 pounds on the average, or a total of 49,000 pounds of cattle. The feeder’s reward for the feed provided and his labor in connection with — the transaction would be 14,000 pounds of live weight at the average selling price command- ed by the entire group.

Based on experimental records, the chances. are that the feeder’s return would little more than pay a fair price for the feed the cattle consumed, leaving little or nothing for labor and equipment, while the cattle owner, provided feeding was conducted properly, would sell: his 35,000 pounds of live cattle at fat steer prices, probably two or three or four cents a pound above that which the unfinished or feeder cattle would have brought. Thus, the advantage in this plan is very much in the owner's favor.

By a second plan, the feeder takes the owner’s cattle with a guarantee that he will be paid a fixed price, say 20 or 21 cents ~

contracts have been in operation a pound for gains. As the feed- with breeding flocks of sheep er receives no benefit from the and some of the business ar- increased market value of the .|rangements have persisted for original weight, the per pound 4 five -years and more to prove prices for gains could be expect- - that they were equitable and ed to surpass by a little the working to the advantage of price of fat cattle at the begin- owners and feeders alike. ning of feeding. When the

Flying Sox

Photo by Don Smith.

owner assumes all risks with re- or steers?- Will they be calves, spect to market fluctuations, he yearlings or two-year-olds? assumes claim to most or all of Heifer feeders will make almost

the margin benefits.

Presented, herewith, as the most equitable basis for share feeding, is the proposal that the feeder take the gain in weight, plus half of the increased value of original weight (or margin), and that death loss be shared. In an Alberta feeding contract

as good gains as:steers and will finish more quickly but there is ever increasing market dis- crimination against the heifers, the older they become, and, therefore, the probable margin between buying and selling prices.can suffer,

As for calves, yearlings ‘and

Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1954—Page 9

Feeding tips

for dairy farmers

He can a dairy farmer save money -on winter feeding without lowering nutritional standards ?

The Manitoba Department of Agriculture’s dairy branch gives this advice :

1. Feed the highest possible quality hay or silage. Thus you make sure that the cow doesn’t use up part of her comparatively expensive production ration for maintenance.

2. Don’t waste grain on low yielders and stale milkers.

3. Feed grain according to milk production. Don’t. use guesswork.

4. Assess your milking tech- nique. Make sure-the full po- tential let-down goes into the pail instead of being re-absorbed because of slow, inefficient

“handling.

5. For very good milkers, use one pound of grain to 3% to four pounds of milk; for good milkers, one pound of grain to five pounds of milk and for aver- age milkers, a pound of grain to six or more pounds of milk.

6. A milk cow must produce about 225 pounds of butterfat a year to pay for the fixed costs and the grain ration needed for milk production. At the present average yield of 280 pounds of butterfat, dairymen receive $57 a cow for labor. Aim at 350 or more pounds of butterfat per cow to lower the fixed costs per unit of milk production.

Making garbage into fertilizer is spreading, Recently develop- ments on this work have been reported by the International Federation of Agricultural Pro- ducers from England, Jamaica, Holland, and: United States. Now IFAP reports in Australia is a town changing 320 tons of garbage a week into 50 tons of fertilizer.

The Canterbury Municipal Council at Lakemba has in oper- ation a plant. which changes the garbage into fertilizer. The end product is sold for 35 dollars a ton, and is sold in smaller quantities for home garden use.

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that offers a good prospect for two-year-olds, it should be un- success in the current year, the derstood that the younger cattle owner is assuming two-thirds of are capable of making a unit of veterinary costs and death loss gain on the least amount of based on the initial feeder feed. But those young cattle weight and price, for the first 30 will be more fastidious about days the cattle are on feed. and quality of feed and, as experi-

~ one-third of the ee for the enced feeders know, mortality

balance of the feeding period. losses run slightly higher among

By this particular contract, the calves than among yearling and

owner is responsible for SA older feeders.

ing the feeder cattle at the feed : . ‘

lot and the feeder-operator un- Pindily, (hose: who! wish: to

dertakes to transport the finish- feed.on a share basis mist P realize that cattle feeding is

ae from , feedlot to never conducted without risk; : cattle may die; markets can Whatever the basis for share collapse and animals might fail

feeding, the plan should be dis- cussed thoroughly, resolved to the simplest form and set down in a written contract.

to respond to their rations. Risk as well as investment, feed and labor, should be considered in arriving at a working arrange- ment. The person who assumes sponsibility for keeping accur- Trisk,deserves reward, but as the ate records, although the extent individual risk is reduced by of the records will depend upon sharing it, so is profit. the particular. working formula But irrespective of the nature adopted. In most cases, it will of the business arrangements be absolutely essential that the that surround the feeding en- exact weight of the feeder cattle - terprise, more cattle should be going on feed be determined and fattened in the West where both in all cases, it will be desirable. ynfinished cattle and suitable There should, of course, be feeds are always available. Each some understanding about the year, the Mid-Western Prov- kind and quality of cattle to be inces send trainloads of those furnished for fattening. The unfinished cattle to Eastern text-book may advise that none. Canada to be fattened on west- but the best quality cattle be ern grains. Feeding more west- furnished but fancy feeders are ern grains to western cattle in not always the best gainers or, the West would seem sensible. the most profitable boarders. None but healthy cattle should Ideals are like stars; you will be considered, but thin cattle, if not succeed in touching them in good health, will out-gain the with your hands. But like the half-fat feeders. the sea-faring man on the desert _A decision should be made~ of waters, you choose them as about ages and sexes. Will the your guides and, following cattle to be furnished for the them, you will reach your des-

Someone must assuihe the re-

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Page 10—November, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE

FOR EDUCATION IN ALBERTA?

Who is responsible for Education in Alberta ? Does the B. N. A. Act require the Province to establish and finance schools ? Many people firmly believe that such is the case. 'They are convinced that the Province is required to provide for the education of young people, and therefore should

under-write the cost of such an undertaking.

In effect, however, the

B. N. A. Act states that the federal government may not control education: its control must be left to the people of each province to exercise as they see fit. It is up to the people of Alberta to decide whether education is to

be a matter for local, or for provincial con- trol, or partly one and partly the other.

In practice the Al- berta Government has adopted a middie course. By such sta- tutes as the Depart- ment of Education Act and the School Act, the legislature has created a Department of Education, with its Minister, on whom certain powers ann duties are placed. These include responsibility for the prepara- tion of courses of study, the selection of text-books, the certification of teach- ers, the preparation and marking of de- partmental examinations, the financial assistanee of local schoot authorities, and the provision of certain supple- mentary educational services. The Legislature, following long Canadian

traditicn, has also created local school authorities (divisional district, and county boards), to whom it has dele- gated certarn duties and given certain powers in general, school boards are expected to provide and equip school buildings, to muintain them in operat- ing condition, to appoint teachers and other employees, to provide transporta- tion for pupils as needed and to re- quisition from municipal authorities much or most of the money needed for these services.

But whether the Minister of Educa- tion is approving the choice of a new text-book, or a local trustee is investi- gating a leaky school roof, it must never be forgotten that each is per- forming his function on behalf of the people he represents. The power they exercise is wielded as stewards for their fetlow citizens. Thus, there ap-

GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA |

pears the unavoidable conclusion that all adult citizens of Alberta are respon- sible for education. And from this, it follows that the quality of education depends, at least in part, on how well and conscientiously Alberta citizens perform the duties which civic respon- sibility demands. .

_Why shouid any person be respon- sible for the education of any children other than his own ? The answer, of course, is that a modern democratic people, for its continued existence as such, must be founded on an intelligent and informed electorate, on people who understand the meaning of democracy

and who have the will, the energy, and the skills to put its principles into practice, and to make the best possible contribution to one another's welfare. In other words, democracy cannot con- tinue to exist if a large part of the population are ignorant of or indiffer- ent to their democratic rights and duties.. Thus is established a funda- mental principle in Alberta education; one of its purposes is to train all boys and girls to become effective citizens of our Province and our country.

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Winter color

mn prairie By WH

OST of us at one time or another have been en- thralled by the beauty of au- tumn leaves in the wildwood in man-made park or grove, per- haps in our own back-yard. At this season of the year we would do well to consider the merits of those species and varieties of trees and shrubs that, by their colorful leaves, showy fruits or highly colored bark aud interest and enjoyment when frost has blackened the tender annuals. Nor are those: fruit-bearing trees and shrubs a joy in them- selves alone. They provide abundant and highly nutritious food for the hardy winter birds. The choice of plant material which may be counted on to light up ‘the late autumn and winter landscape is wide and varied, Prairie nurserymen have a good selection of these plants home-grown, hardy and reliable.

One of the most handsome trees for autumn effect is the showy mountain ash. The foliage takes on brilliant shades of orange and fiery-red; the scarlet berries are produced in abundance. The Sen Buckthorn or Sandthorn tolerate saline soils and where Mountain Ash has been found difficult to es- tablish due to high lime soils, the Buckthorn should be tried. Its greyish foliage is attractive during the summer season and later great masses of bright or- ange colored berries hang on the plants until spring. More than one specimen should be planted as flowers of one’ sex only are found on a single plant. The native High-bush Cran- berry or Pembina is handsome in flower and fruit which is borne in pendulant clusters that persist through the winter months; in fact, dried fruits are often observed in July. The High-bush Cranberry will toler- ate a semi-shady spot, but more fruitful specimens are seen in full sun.

The Cherry Pinsepia has the merit of very early leafage, pretty, yellow flowers,ywhich are follewed by crimson cherry-like fruits, *These will hang on the plant throughout the winter season. Cherry Prinsepia makes an attractive hedge and one that is well armed with sharp spines.

The Ginnalian or Amur Maple is one of the most. valuable tree-shrubs. It is very attrac- tive during the summer season

‘with glossy foliage and rosy-red

seeds. Later the whole plant lights up with intense color: brief though this colorful period is.

Ginnalian Maple is splendid for a tall hedge. The site chosen should be well drained and free of alkaline. A slightly acid soil will suit the maples much better than high lime.

The Schubert Chokecherry’ is

gardens

HARP

new, perfectly hardy and desir- able. It is recommended where purple foliage is required. Schu- bert is unique in that its foliage first appears as ordinary choke- cherry by midsummer, the leaves turn purple and stay that way until season’s end.

The Mongonian Oak is fully hardy, slow growing and useful for small gardens. The foliage turns nut-brown in the fall and persists well into winter.

The Ohio Buckeye is a good substitute for Horse Chestnut where this tree cannot be grown. In prairie gardens the Horse Chestnut kills to snow-- line or below, while the Buckeye is perfectly hardy. It merits much wider use as a specimen small tree; its handsome leaves are changing in September to a brilliant shade of orange-red. The nuts resemble closely those of the Horse Chestnut and are abundantly produced in most seasons,

The Burning Bush or Euony- mus turkestanica is a fine dwarf shrub bearing fruits not unlike the Bittersweet. The foliage turns a purple shade in fall.

The Japanese Tru Lilac is non-suckering and flowers after the French Lilacs are over. Its large panicles of creamy-white are showy by tawny-colored seed pods which are attractive throughout the winter. The Amur Lilac is a similar plant, more compact and less tall, The hardy Shrub Roses iffclude many interesting plants esteem- ed for ornamental fruit and winter color of stem and twig.

The Atoi Rose bears an abundance of purple-black fruits that stay,on the plant all winter. The Turkestan Rose (Rosa Laxa) has large, handsome, bot- tle-shaped fruits of brilliant red. The Bristly Rose of Newfound- land (Rosa Nitida) deserves to be more widely planted. -Its glossy, bronzy-green foliage turns a vivid orange-scarlet in fall. Fruits are scarlet; stems and twiggs are reddish.

The Hansen Hedge Rose is extremely hardy and one of the mast fruitful of all roses. Masses of scarlet hips are pro- duced every year in great

“Do you handle flameless , lightera?”

Valle Ranch

abundance. It makes an excel- lent food plant for the winter birds.- The Golden and Red Stem Willows are among the most useful plants for winter bark effect. By. cut- ting down established plants in April each year, new shoots will put on six feet or more growth which will provide bright patches of brilliant yel- low and red in the winter land- scape.

The Laurel Willow has heavy, glossy foliage and green stems. A sheltered spot should be

chosen to establish this variety -

as it appears to be more tender than the Golden or Red Willows. The Red Osier Dogwood has winter bark of a reddish hue. The old wood is best removed every second year to keep the plants healthy and_ vigorous. This pruning is best done in spring.

Evergreens

The Evergreens compliment the colorful deciduous shrubs with their sombre shades of green. Native. and Colorado Spruce make good hedges or may be planted as individual specimens. Both should be given ample room as they grow fairly rapidly once they have become established. ‘

The Pines needa light, well- drained soil. Scotch Pines will

make picturesque trees, where °

shelter and suitable soil condi- tions are available. The Moun- tain Pine makes a broad bush, sometimes reaching twenty feet.

Dwarf varieties are useful as foundation ‘plants. A northern or eastern exposure is preferred

“for all varieties of evergreens used as foundation material. The Swiss Stone Pine (Pinus Cembra) is an ideal Pine for the small garden. Its natural out- line is pyramidal; its foliage rich dark green. Specimens have reached a height of forty feet in Manitoba.

The hardiest, Cedars or Arbor Vitae are Ware’s and the Pyra- midudalis form of the Western Cedar, providing the latter is obtained from prairie ‘nursery-

Photo by C

son.

men who propagate from hardy stock. Many of choice varieties of Cedar must have good shelter or they will likely brown from winter. injury.

Seasonable Hints

House Plants — At the ap- proach of the shortest day, all house plants need careful atten- tion to watering or soft growth will result. Much of the trouble with house plants over: winter results from excessively high temperatures and too much water. ;

African violets need plenty of light to induce abundant bloom. Use water which has been warmed to room temperature and allow the soil to become fairly dry before applying water. Small pots not larger than four- inch size are the best for

‘African. Violets.

Repotting had best be de- ferred until after the turn of the year. February is a good \time to overhaul house plants. Estab- lish plants which have exhaust- ed the supply of plant food in their pots should be given a spoonful of complete. fertilizer now; this will carry them along until they are repotted.

Dutch Bulbs

A weekly inspection of the Dutch bulbs now in the base- ment. will be needed from now on. A lack of water once these bulbs have started to root will be disastrous; also a state of prolonged saturation must be guarded against. Paper white narcissus which were potted in September may be brought up from the basement the first week in December if they are wanted in bloom at Christmas time. Other Narcissus and Daffodils will not be ready for several weeks after. All potted bulbs must be well rooted and sprouted before they are intro- duced into the warmth of the living quarters. Better allow them a week or so longer in the basement than bring them up too soon. Poor, short-stemmed flowers are usually the result of attempting to force the flowers before they are well rooted~

Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1954—Page 12

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Page 12—November, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

MODERNIZE YOUR FARM

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Ready for winter Inside the stick house’

By KERRY WOOD

HE beaver house was on the north bank of the creek, exposed to the full glare of sun- shine on a November day when the temperature was unseason- ably high and very welcome. I had approached quietly, hoping to sight one of the animals. As freeze-up approaches every au- tumn, beavers occasionally work a daylight shift to finish all their outside chores before winter” seals them under the ice.. But this time, it was much too nice a day for working. Standing be- sidé the sprawling tangle of sticks that. so clearly marked the site of the ledge, I heard a steady, rhythmic sound from the interior of that house. A beaver. was. snoring, and loudly!

Yet the slothful animal had been ‘busy. Downstream, the dam was in good repair and had been raised to hold back more water when the autumn work started. The house had a fresh coating of mud on the lower walls, the gooey stuff dredged from the bottom of the creek ten feet out from the lodge. Then the hole formed in the creek floor by the dredging had been utilized as a food-cache pantry.

On shores around the pond - there were several creamy-top- ped stumps of aspen and balsam poplars, marking the spots where trees had been harvested for winter use.. A few large sec- tions of rough-barked trunks

lay discarded near the gleaming stumps, but almost all of the branches and green barked wood had been dragged to the water’s edge, floated over to the deep hole in front of the house, and there pushed under the surface and wedged into the jumble of sticksthat would provide bark- food for the animals all winter long. Capping the cache was an array of green willow branches.

Oh, yes: the animals had been busy. The dam was tight, the house was large, and a count of stumps revealed that they had felled and harvested over thirty trees for their pantry. That meant a family was living in the lodge and not merely a pair of newly weds. Indeed, I happened to know that the dam had been built the previous autumn, the house established then and the female having her young during the following June.

She .carried leafy willow branches into the house to feed the kits as they were being weaned, and later, it was a pleasure to watch the mother guide the four youngsters out- side one balmy evening for their first look at the world. They grew rapidly as summer waned, but were much smaller than their parents when the autumn work started.

Only one beaver was snoring, yet probably the whole family of six animals were snoozing in the lodge on that lovely November

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the right kind of feed —

for high egg production.

“MIRACLE” Laying Mash is known as the “‘extra-ege” feed because it has proves so successful. “Miracle”

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Laying i - _way to increase your egg. profits.

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The new novel is called Wild

~ seller.

day. During boyhood years I had once dived inside a deserted beaver house for a look-see, and had inspected the interiors of other houses whenever floods washed out dams and left the lodges stranded high and “dry. So it was possible to picture what the inside of that house looked like, right then.

There is a standard pattern

about beaver house construc-

tion. First, the animals pile up a heap of sticks, then they tun- nel a hole from the deep water in front to the middle of the stick-pile.. Next a den-room is gnawed out inside that mound of sticks. In the middle of the den floor, the water hole mea- sures a foot wide and a yard long.

On each side of that watery entrance there is a sleeping plat- form or ledge. Headroom is scanty, as a beaver is a squatly built animal and theefore does not require a high ceiling. Walls and ceilings reveal many teeth marks, where branch-ends have been chewed off to form the hollow dén space inside the tan- gle of sticks. The chips from this chewing process form an inch matting or covering on the floor. Outside. walls of the structure are always plastered with mud in northern districts, to protect the animals from the bitter sting of winter winds. But rarely is the mud coating all over the roof — thus permitting natural ventilation of the den- room through the unplastered portions of the stick-mass.

Small House

The first house built by a pair of young beavers is small, but is enlarged the second year to ac- comodate -their family. Beavers have from two to five kits, and the house size sometimes de-, pends on the number in the family. The family lives peace-

fully together all winter long,,

not sleeping all the time but busy at small chores. The dam is inspected daily, the food- eache frequently visited to se- cure branches for bark-food whenever they are hungry, and through clear ice I have watched beavers scrounge along the ereek bottom to gather water- preserved leaves for food.

When the thaw comes during April, floods-sometimes smash their dams. There is a flurry of spring work, repairing dams and going ashore in search of fresh greenery — leaves of dandelion, clover, plantain, and many other favorite foods. At this time of

> : {sone kes Soe : ee : . year, the yéarlirig “beavers* born AUS here nn eentinen Taw BB.

Krag Weds Wes Book

Followers of Kerry Wood's column in the Farm and Ranch will be ' happy to know he has a new book out. It is the sixth he has published and the first one published in the United States,

is the story of a boy who went off into the woods to live off the forest while he worked to become a writer. makes exciting reading. We think Wild Winter is the sort of book that belongs on a farmer's Christmas list. It is available through any book-

Winter and it's an apt title, for this

Callon’s struggle to stay- alive

THE EDITOR.

the previous June are nearly as

‘large as the adults. And as a second June approaches, the mother animal becomes very cranky. She nips at her mate and is impatient of her last year’s family. Sometimes the adult male will leave the home lodge to. take up temporary quarters in a bank hole a short distance away:

-The time has come for the yearlings to leave home. Before the new kits are born, the mother routes her grown family from the house. The yearlings go up or downstream or over- land. They wander all summer, pairing towards the end. of August. That’s when they choose a new homesite and build a dam, a house, and collect a food-cache for winter.

Meanwhile, at the old home|

Ma and Pa and the season’s kits have also been busy. The dam is raised and the cache “hole deepened, the house had been piled high with new sticks and coated with fresh mud. Food trees are felled and severed and stored in the pantry. The ani-. -mals will even keep a hole open through ice that is six inches thick, so long as stream banks are bare of snow and it is com- fortable for them to forage for food. But finally, everything is ready for winter’s coming.

And that’s when you may visit the colony on a sunny No- vember day, stand alongside the strong-walled lodge and listen to the contented snores of provi- dent Old Pa Beaver !

Wheat exports

HEAT: and wheat flour ex- ports from Canada in the

1953-54 crop year amounted to}

255,147,150 bushels according to preliminary report of the board of grain commissioners. This was about one-third less than the 385,526,541 bushels export- ed the previous year and about equal to the long-time average of 254,400,000 bushels. A few of the leading importers of Cana- dian wheat with their purchases -in the past two years are as fol- lows : ;

1953-54 1952-53

million bushels United Kingdom . 82.1 122.8 Japan 15.0 Germany .... 24.3 Belgium : 20.9 Switzerland .......... 9.9 10.5 Brazil. 2253, U7 1.5

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Ranch Review

A Little Wheat— A Little Chaff

IVAN From the newspapers we learn that: A woman in Springfield, Mo., with

ten children, and the eleventh on the

road, seeks a divorce on the grounds

that her husband is different.” \

And that: —

A 42-year-old English bachelor who recently won 75,000 pounds (net) on a soccer pool is receiving hundreds of marriage proposals by mail.

The man, a farmer with 53 acres, said: ‘‘The shameless hussies write and tell me they have always want- ed to be a farmer’s wife.” He adds,

“cold..and in-

“But they didn’t want me before and

they ain’t a gonna get me now.”

And from the Jasper Place (Alta.) Citizen we find out. that life in one place is much the same as another. Thus :

“Chicken on the Way” ran a week’s ad in the Citizen on the understanding that if he got no results the ad would be taken out. The ad_ is out this week, not because he did not get re- sults, but because he got too many calls, and got stuck every time he tried to deliver an order. He says he will advertise again when the roads are in better shape.”

* * &

The automobile carburetor is still: a. pretty crude affair—too much money gets through | it.

= * *

No doubt, like us, every time you take a ear trip any more, you wonder how some of the drivers you meet keep alive. The answer is that they don’t. They’re the fatalities and smash-ups we read about tomorrow, or next week, or next year. We should say they are part of the fatalities— the balance consists of their vehicles; passengers, or innocent sensible peo- ple driving sanely along ‘minding their own business.

~ * * *

Many. people who first scan the the obituary column and the di- vorce column of their newspapers, “to see if they know anybody” be- fore reading the rest of the paper, have added. a third column; the Driving While His (or her) Ability Was Impaired column. :

The average woman doesn’t have

‘|any foolish forties because she isn’t

foolish enough to let herself get into the forties. = * *

The national Motorist has a new definition for a radio an- nouncer; A fellow who talks un- til you have a headache and then tries to sell you something to re- lieve it.

oe ee

Few of us know the. troubles the other fellow has. . For instance last Sunday a gent (a stranger to us) called at our door in considerable agi- tation. Seems his family had gone va-

|cationing leaving him in charge. He

had just had an urgent order from

HELMER

his boss to get out of town — on business. Well his problem was that his kids had some goldfish: Their food (the goldffshes) was all gone and being Sunday he couldn’t find any for sale. So he was going from house to house looking for goldfish owners with a surplus of food. The best we could do was offer him some six-bit sherry to sooth his agitation, but he said he was a tee-totaler and hurried off- with a wgrried look to our next- door neighbor’s.

* * *

A lot of foreign officials come over here for no other reason than to get fed-up. x

* * &

The hobo, the tramp, the bum

hasn’t disappeared. -He’s just bought

some razor blades, put on a clean shirt, and deserted the railroads. In- stead of. lurking behind~the village water-tank, or a box-car, he’s out on the edge of every highway, bold as @ paying guest, with his thumb. up.

* * *

Every now and again someone comes up with an invention that is really worth while. At a re- cent convention of Standard Oil Development all speakers were required to use a new Electronic Electern. With this device a speaker was allowed so many minutes to talk. With two minutes to go an amber warning light flashed on. Time up; a red light came on. If the gent droned on after this fumes from a smoke-bomb choked him and drove -him to his seat.

* *

What thousands of people wish they could afford these days is to live the way they are living.

* * *

We read where a pschologist says that very few men are meek until after marriage — and also that about all the earth a mother is going to inherit is that which the family tracks in on her clean floors.

* * *

Probably the most effective treat- ment for a hot-head is the cold shoul-

der. * * *

Farmers living within TV range may be able to boost egg production by taking a tip from a man in Bald- win, Miss. He reports that.a pet hen enters the house at the same time every day, perches on the living-room couch, takes a look at TV, lays an

egg, hops to the window and departs.

* * *

Some great reading in old Family Remedy books. From one published about 1908 we learn the following:

For Fever and Ague: Four ounces of galganel root in a quart of gin. Take OFTEN. (This is much the same as today’s cure except gin has lost favor to rum, and most victims not knowing what galganel root is, substitute honey and lemon.

How to Choose Meat: Bad or de- ceased meat has the peculiarity that it shrinks considerably in the cooking.

. two hours.

Wholesome meat rather swells and does not lose an ounce in weight. (Seems more economical.) : _To Restore From Stroke of Light- ening: Shower with cold water for Tf the patient does not show signs of life shower for an hour longer. (No further instruction so we assume that if nothing has happened one may as well finish off with a hot shower for himself and go to bed.)

We don’t know of anyone who has Red Ants to Cure, but: here is a remedy headed: TO CURE RED ANTS: Put one pint of tar in an earthen vessel, pour on it 2 quarts of boiling water and place it in your closet. (If this doesn’t work guess ‘you just Have to let the Red Ants suffer.)

People who think this is a gam- bler’s age should consider the follow- ing and final recipe: To make Cherry Whiskey: Onto eight quarts: of well- ripened eherries pour two gallons of good whiskey or brandy —

Wow! We never read further—the risk involved in this procedure ap- palled _us.

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Page 16—November, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

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B. C.’s district agriculturists are real field workers

By TOM

my Ou may find him clerking at a community livestock auc-

tion. He might be talking tariffs ,

to turkey growers, helping a boy or girl select a calf for club work, or he could be absorbed with his mileage report. The man with a million interests is the Ag. Rep. or more properly, the B.C. District Agriculturist.

Ideas have changed on that score too. Present requirements for the District Agriculturists in B.C. specify that they must be registered: agrologists. That implies that they have com- pleted studies at a recognized college of agriculture and have obtained their cegree of B.S.A. or its equivalent.

From that point on I find that opinions are as diverse as the

| farm areas of the province. In

fact, I exploded the equivalent of an ‘“H” bomb at a recent con- ference by suggesting to several D.A.’s who were present that given the right man with the proper respect for farming and his degree in agriculture, I could turn him loose in any farm community and get more work done than many with previous farm experience could accom- plish.

I still wonder how it might work out. I hope that a few of the city boys will turn the tables one of these days and take back to the country something of the spark which the rural youth has been giving to the cities for these many generations.

But my friends in the exten- sion service in B.C. are totally convinced that it will never work that way. They say that no man who can’t tell a whiffle- tree from the traces will ever be able to recognize which sow should be kept for breeding, differentiate. between a bruise and blight on potatoes, or dic- tate the voluminous reports to head office:

There was little use to carry on with the argument. Never to my knowledge or to theirs has such an experiment been tried. So_the only conclu- sion that we could find was to accept the great variation in the characteristics of those who are and have been associated-with the agriculture extension ser- vice since it started.

“Good hatching and healthy chicks depend largely on the

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Some we concluded had much greater farm experience. than others. Some made use of the experience “and others must have forgotten what they had learned on the home farm as soon as they left for school. Others would have been better off if they had forgotten more of their home farm experience.

Those who have gained the respect of their farm clientele have. done so only after years of hard work. My several years of observation and - association with these men has proved that phony activity and disregard for basic common sense has been the quickest parole to other jobs.

When I think of the District Agriculturists and their work my memory goes back a few years to a section of the interior which was relatively unsettled at: the time. The farms were sparsely located throughout the district and the casual traveller would have found it difficult to discover an area of more than a few acres which had been put to.the plow.

Missionary Work

The District Agriculturist looked upon his work as a mis- sionary of the church regards an assignment to a new parish. He wanted to help those people by teaching them to farm well. Time meant nothing to him. He. would be up in the early morn- ing chopping his own wood to leave for his family’s comfort and yet on hand to set the fire in his own office before the smoke curled upward from any business in town.

The constant flow of visitors to the office never appeared to upset his routine. A half-typed letter could wait until he ex- plained once more the causes of calf scours or the best method to brood chicks. Even the phone calls seemed too numerous for an area which was not blessed with many rural lines. But then, most calls were messages to relay to others.

Long Day

After a full day of such rou- tine most men would have been satisfied to go home to an easy chair, their fireplace and pipe and forget the worries of the world. Not him. The evening

ingredients, scientifically

Try it!”

_ was his opportunity to meet

’ with the farmers. It gave him the chance to plan the program for the fall fair. At those meet- ings he heard community prob- lems debated.

Late at night he strode into his own yard. Often a long hour or more after the lamps in neighboring homes had been darkened he-said ‘‘good-night” to his own family. '

His days were not all like that one, There was the infrequent day when he had to make a trip over into the western part of his district to inspect work of the junior farmers when he would pass over several inviting trout streams, If the invitation roar- ed into an urge he sometimes let down the barriers for a few quick casts with his rod. Like- wise the fall often prompted a few hours of shooting for grouse or even a deer.

Those were the things which irked a number of people in the community. They looked upon that snatch of pleasure as an indication that he was not on the job. It was easy for them to close their eyes at his Satur- days devoted to field days or to calls which could not be fitted into the week’s work. —

Sundays, too, were often usurped by visitors who hap- pened to bd isolated in his small community on a week-end with little to occupy their attention. They found the District Agri- culturist and his wife ideal hosts for such an occasion. An invi- tation to dinner. was normal procedure, >

There waS some compensa- tion for all his effort. He had the satisfaction of knowing that better crops were being grown; that production in the area had improved; and that at least a few of the young people on the™ farms had developed enough interest in the land and live- stock that they would want to continue with rural living.

Those were ‘he things which impelled many of the early Dis- trict Agriculturists to continue work in the field of extension

‘even after they had seen num- erous friends and'allied workers step boldly into the world of commerce and do much better than they could hope financially. good and the bad harvests.

Many new men have been placed in the districts since the last war. Some have the same spirit of service exemplified by those who pioneered the work among the early settlers. The problems in agriculture differ somewhat; those engaged in farming have changed; but un- derneath I find the soil is just as fertile now and as easy to work as it was when it was first broken.

The field of extension re-

' quires as much effort and -in- telligence to cultivate as ever. Answers to many questions will not be found in texts nor will the problems be solved from the side of the office desk. The in- iative shown by the pioneer ex- tension workers will prove a wonderful tool in the hands of the new District Agriculturists.

Farm and Ranch Review——November, 1954—Page 1¥

Mote than ever before ! 4 Back in 1939, for instance | the average Canadian weekly pay cheque would buy 84- gallons = “~ of gasoline... based on figures of the Dominion Bureau of Gtatictics. Today's weekly pay cheque will buy 144- gallons, including the provincial gasoline tax, i which is considerably higher than before the war. "To put it another way... in 1939 the average . Canadian worked 33 oo ME minutes to eatn enough, i , to buy one gallon — of gasoline. Today SN he works just 7 minutes, | =the or about half the time PU And todays &ssc : gives mote milec and beHter performance

than ever before.

|sso ) IMPERIAL On UMITED

Page 18—November, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

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By HARRY

ON’T ever trust a cow! I have found from experi- ence here that a cow may look at you with innocent, velvety eyes and at the same time she may be planning destruction to some part or another of the farm. The trouble with a cow is that you place trust in her .. because she has the appear- ance of a saint; but she really has the heart of a-sinner.

We have an oat stubble field with a good patch of clover on it next to the house. ‘Jessie, our brindle cow, seemed more or less dissatisfied with the with- ered pasture of the field South of th barn and I decided to give her a treat. In the afternoon the.cows were herded through the barnyard and into the stub- ble field. You should have seen the way Jessie looked back at me. She sniffed over afew clumps of clover, and with a quick swish of her tail at a cluster of flies on her back set to work.

I began to think in terms of how good a cow she really was. Her last calf was a bouncer, well on:the way to becoming: a baby beef. She had been giving rich, creamy milk that has sent our test up quite high. And with cream at the price it is now, it seemed a shame that Jessie hadn’t been treated bet- ter this summer. The pasture has been burned badly as a re- sult of a blazing July sun, and there were many times when we could have given her a few handfuls of chop as a treat.

When we went up to supper the cows were still enjoying the clover Jessie was munching along steadily near the barn- yard gate. -She looked up, tos- sed her head as much as to say, “This is the life,” swished in an all-out blitz against the flies and went on eating. At supper- time I mentioned the fact to my wife, but she wasn’t convinced. On several occasions Jessie had kicked the milk pail flying and that is one fault my wife finds hard to overlook.

After supper I stopped for a drink of water at the pail in the pantry. It couldn’t be true. Yet it was! There as large as life and twice as natural, enjoying tempting greens in the garden, was Jessie. I had forgotten the loose wire between the oat field and the garden. Jessie hadn’t overlooked it.

Have you ever tried driving a cantankerous cow out of a small garden? She’ll allow her- self to be prodded out of a cor- ner, taking care to step on the tomato plants and as many things as she can damage and moreover to the gateway. Then with a flip of her heels, a swish of her tail and a toss of her

| head she’ll make back for the

corner you’ve just driven her out of. :

- ent as ever.

J. BOYLE

In going back, she’ll manage to massacre the cucumbers and kick a few pumpkins around. When you reach her, she'll stand stubbornly and let you be- labor her backbone with a fence picket while she solemnly shifts her cud from one side to the other, and then go around the garden two or three times in the same way that a merry-go- round goes round.

. That was the game Jessie played on me. My wife appeared on the scene, took one look at the damage and with a deter- mined ‘“Hoi-hoi,” she chased both of us out. Jessie deter- mined that it was too good a game to give up so easily and

she made for the orchard. Stop- | :

ping to nose over three baskets of- Tolman Sweet apples I had picked for selling in the village, she tore through a bunch of chickens and sent them squawk- ing and landed up in the -one corner of the orchard farthest away from the gate.

Suchansuch, our collie pup, appeared on the scene. Bewild- ered by my yelling and the con- fusing method Jessie has, he began chasing her in the wrong direction. She sailed over the strip of rail fence dividing our orchard from the Tompkins place and swished through a field of flax, which was just ready for pulling.

Finally, with the aid of Tomp- kins, his hired man, the two Tompkins dogs, Suchansuch and myself, Jessie was brought back to the barnyard. She walked over quietly to the watering trough, took a. drink of water and moved over to the straw stack. Her eyes were as innoc- .: but I still main- tain don’t trust a cow.

Controlling toadflax

EAVY infestations of toad- flax can be effectively con- trolled on good crop land by adopting a rotation of summer-

‘fallow and wheat, according to

H. A. Friesen of the Scott ex- perimental station. He says that summerfallowing should begin in the autumn after the crop has been removed. and be continued throughout the next season. Two workings will often be necessary in the fall, the first with the one-way disc and the second with a cultivator. The following year from 8 to 10 strokes with the one-way, culti- vator or rod. weeder will prob-

ably be required to keep the |-

weed growth down. With such intensive tillage erosion may be- come a problem and strip crop- ping is recommended.

Chemical control of this deep- rooted perennial weed is too ex- pensive if infestations are ex- tensive.

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from Voce del Popolo, Rome, Italy.

Artist's sketch of the official opening of the Seagram Collection in Rome.

“CANADA AT ROME” .... Here in Italy, in the warm tones of a friendly language, Canada was talked About ...and read about, ips: Froni conversation in the shadows of the Coliseum to enthusiastic reviews in the press, Canada was on

the lips and in the minds of thousands of Romans.

a Through the international language of art, the

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the world the dramatic growth of our nation and the vitality

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things Canadian to peoples of other lands,

Che Flouse of Seagram

f ROUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOUR: OTTAWA, SAN JUAN, HAVANA, MEXICO CITY, CARACAS, RIO. DE JANEIRO, SAO PAULO, BUENOS AIRES, MONTEVIDEO, ROME, LONDON, PARIS, GENEVA, STOCKHOLM, THE HAGUE, MADRID, AND A VISIT TO THE CANADI ARMED FORCES IN SOEST, WEST GERMANY. pis

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Page 20—November, 1954—Farm

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and Ranch Review ~

“You don’t practice Christianity”

’}eause it

An agnostic’s

By DR.

[HE other day an agnostic friend of mine made a bit- ter comment, “You know, Dr. Morley, I’ve been having some trouble with some of your avow- ed Christians which convinces me more than ever that Chris- tianity is essentially an immoral force in our society. Your peo- ple are under no compulsion to live by a moral code that’s any higher than no code at all. Good wor. count for nothing be- cause the only route to Heaven is by believing. That’s how you save your soul — by believing; not by living a decent, honorable life and searching for goodness and what Schopenhauer called loving kindness.”

“Fiver since Hell went out of.

fashion and the devil stopped being a force in your religion, Christianity has been going down hill morally. The worst scoundrels in a community can not only belong to. Christian churches, they can‘be pillars of these churches. It’s time you preachers forgot about the here- after and preached some ser- mons on the here and now.” Ouch! The criticism hurts be- is so. true! Henry Drummond was talking on a street corner to some young men who had no use for the Church. An elder of the Church

criticism

FRANK 8S. MORLEY,

walked past and one young man commented, “That man is founder of our Atheists’ Club.” Drummond said disbelievingly, “How can that be? That man

is one of the leading elders in:

the Church.” The youth replied, “Precisely! If a man who lives a life like that is one of the lead- ing people in the Church we want nothing to do with the Church.”

So Burns bitterly satirized the “Holy Willies’, So Haw- thorne showed the ‘brutality of some Churchmen of his day who took a woman who had commit- ted adultery and pilloried her in a public place with the: letter

“A”. So Aldous Huxley in “Grey Eminence’, describes Pere Joseph, a man “of great

and genuine piety, who rose every day at four and spent the first two hours in prayer’, yet devoted his immense gifts and intellect to prolonging the Thir- ty Years’ War”. So the Com- munists have sung mockingly,

“They do it every Sunday, They'll be all right on Monday: It’s just a little habit they’ve acquired”.

No one knows better than a minister, the thousand hypo- crisies, tween profession and practice, the meannesses, the cruelties,

the contradictions be-:

Ph.D. (Edin.) 8.D.

the greed, and the calculated , cheats of some Church mem- bers, as well as the way they can rationalize to justify their horrid conduct! No matter how’ dewy-eyed and innocent at the beginning, a minister is not far on the way before he realizes that a Church is no collection of cloistered saints all ready for heaven.

And indeed as I look back over my life I can see many opportunities for kindness un- done, words spoken I wish I could recall, deeds that I wish I could cancel. God be merciful to me, a sinner!

“You are the only Bible this careless world may read;

You are the sinner’s Gospel; you are the scoffer’s creed".

Now if the Christian Church is teaching salvation by faith detached from morality, then, as Jesus said, it is salt that has lost its savour and is fit only for the dunghill.

What is salvation? When Zachaeus: said, “Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have taken anything from any man by;false accusation, I restore him. four- fold’, then Jesus replied, “This day is salvation come to this house”. When Zachaeus became

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This is the time to get your tractor serviced to make it run like new next spring. Why? Because you can probably spare it more easily for a few days now than in spring or summer. And: because your IH dealer’s service men aren’t so rushed © this time of year. They can give your job unhurried care. Remember, only your .. with these five important advantages: IH trained service men, 1H- approved tools, !H-quality service, IH- precision parts, IH-scheduled inspection. Make

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honest, Zachaeus was saved!

Jesus said, “Not everyone that saith Lord, Lord, shall en- ter into the kingdom of heaven, but he that doeth the will of my: Father”. Just read the whole of the twenty-third chapter of Matthew’s Gospel with such words as, “Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypo- -crites! for ye make cleat the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess... Ye are like: unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of ... all uncleanness ... Ye ser- .pents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damna- tion of hell?”

Read the prophets like Amos —‘T hate your feast days. . Let Judgment run down as waters and righteousness as a mighty stream”. Read James, “Be ye doers of the word and not hearers only... Ye see then how that by works a man is jus- tified and not by faith only”. Read the first Epistle of John,

“He that saith, I know Him, and Keepeth not His command- ments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him”. Read Paul’s let- ters with their terrific rebukes of wickedness and their em- phasis on love as the greatest thing in the world. What are the great commandments ac- cording to Jesus? “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God . . . and thy neighbor as thyself”. If the Christian Church does not em- phasize goodness. in life, then certainly it has betrayed the Christian Gospel. It has also betrayed its traditions.

For, despite the Judases — the men who have denied and betrayed Christ—there is very little good in the world that does not come from the Christian faith. The Crusaders did have much wickedness but, although some homes for sick had existed previously, they did originate the modern hospital. A Quaker, William Tuke, built the first hospital for the insane. The movement for settlement houses was begun by Canon Barnett of Toynbee Hall. Joseph Howard and Elizabeth Fry pioneered the way to prison reform, Devout Christians like Lord Shaftes- bury and William Booth stirred man’s conscience regarding pri- son reform. Grenfell gave his life for the social welfare of La- brador. ingstone and .Robert . Moffatt fought slavery and social evils in Africa.

Great Works

Indeed who can measure the vast work of those missionaries who.-brought the Gospel and schools, hospitals, nurses, doc- tors, good roads, teaching and healing vans, through Asia, Af- rica, and barbarian islands? Going further back, look at the work in Europe of monasteries and Christian teachers.

The historian Green says that home, as~we concéive it’ now, was the création of the Puritan. Froude contends, “The Calvin- ists abhorred, as no body of men

ever “more abhorred, “all con- ’

Missionaries like Liv- ,

1949”;

scious mendacity, all impurity, all moral wrong of every kind.” In Europe the height of praise was to be “honest as a Hugue- not”. A contemporary writer described the Puritans who set- tled New England, “One might dwell there from year to year and not see a drunkard, or hear an oath, or meet a beggar”. Cruelty to animals was a civil

_-offense. Their criminal law was

two centuries ahead of their times. Bancroft could find among them no example of di- vorce. ‘

Modern universities have been founded by the Christian Church. The Labor Union movement was created by the Christian Church, The Encyclo- paedia Britannica once recorded that it “feels bound in justice to make this remark’’, that Calvin- ists have been “the highest honor of their own ages and the best: models for imitation in

-every succeeding age’. Taine, a

sceptic in religion, testifiéd of the Puritan conscience, “Strict in every duty, attentive to the least requirements; .disdaining the equivocations of worldy morality, inexhaustible in pa- tience, courage, sacrifice; en- throning purity on the domestic hearth, truth in the tribunal, probity in the counting house, and labor in the workshop”. Modern democracy and, indeed, the British constitution and the constitution and freedom of the

United States, were the achieve-.

ment of the Puritans.

But one could go on forever talking about the past. My friend’s criticism is of the pres- ent. What association has faith and morality today?

In the last five years, forty commercial enterprises have hired chaplains to minister to the spiritual needs of their per- sonnel. In the United States, in more than twenty cities, lay- men’s groups have been formed by businessmen for the purpose of applying spiritual values to industrial and commercial prob- lems. Devotional services of an inter-faith character are held regularly in over a thousand companies. Clarence Woodbury tells of his astonishment at be- ing taken before luncheon to a chapel in a hotel where a group of businessmen gather for week- ly prayer meeting.

‘There are laymen like Judge Harold Medina, who tells us how he prayed for guidance dur- ing that great Communist trial; Judge Luther Youngdahl whose great humanitarian services led to his selection: as the “Out- standing Layman for the Year James Kraft,- whose business became an offering to God and who has given vast services to the International Council of Religious Education; John Foster Dulles who says that it is not enough merely to declare our Christian principles, but we must get into arena and fight for them;

Howard Pew, former president |

of the Sun Oil Company, who

has reeeived a citation from

laymen of different Churches secs (Continued on page 2B)%i+ +»

nto the public

(aa

- Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1954—-Page 21

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Sweeten ing make feeds go farther

LITTLE “sweetening” on the lower quality rough- age you feed your livestock will make it go a lot farther and re- duce waste, according to live-

‘stock authorities of North Da-

kota Agricultural College.

By appealing to their liking for the sweet stuff, molasses tempts cattle and sheep into eating feeds they would other- wise refuse. This means less feed is wasted and, in effect it increases the usable feed supply on the-average farm or ranch, points out Mel Kirkeide, assis- tant livestock agent of the Ex- tension Service. :

He explains you can use mo- lasses in livestock feed for up to one-third of the higher-priced feed like corn. In 61% gallons ‘of molasses you have about the same feed value as in a bushel of yellow corn.

From the practical dollars- and-cents standpoint, when you can buy 614 gallons of molasses

Weedy flavors

for less than the cost of 1 bushel of corn, you are money ahead to feed molasses. Then, too, molasses helps to stick mixed feeds together, so less is lost as in the case of dusty feeds.

Experience at NDAC_ indi- cates the best way to handle molasses is to thin it out with 1 or 2 parts of water. This thinned-out molasses is then poured evenly over the top of the feed.

Kirkeide sums up the NDAC recommendations for feeding - molasses as follows: 2 to 4

. pounds daily-per 1,000 pounds of

animal live weight, for feeder cattle. For ewes, use 24% to 3

‘pounds daily per 1,000 pounds

of live animal weight. -

In, the amounts suggested here there is no troublesome laxative effects from molasses, but start molasses feeding grad- ually so the animals get used to it. see tie’

spoil dairy products

URING the fall months farmers’ cream cheques are reduced $6000 - $7000, accord- ing to information received

from the Dairy Branch Office..

This is due to the fact that over 4% of the cream received at Al- berta creameries during the fall is second grade or off grade, compared to_ 2% in normal months. Milk shippers, too,

| often find their milk rejected

during this same period, again resulting in considerable finan- cial loss.

By following a few simple rules it is comparatively easy to eliminate weed flavors, particu- larly stinkweed, which are re- sponsible for most of this loss. D. H. McCallum, Dairy Commis- sioner, has outlined these rules to help producers : :

1. Avoid pasturing the mil cows on weedy stubble fields.

' (Continued from page 21)

§ for “distinguished lay service at the national level’; Paul Moser gave up a grocery business in

‘Kansas to organize laymen for

Christian work; Tom Whiteman, a chain-store executive, and Lem Jones, a candy manufac- turer from Kansas City, are do- ing a prodigious work getting laymen to enlist as active Chris- tians.

There was Senator Charles Tobey — “God’s Angry Man”— who headed a terrific fight against public immorality; Red-

Cap 42 in Grand Central Ter-

minal, New York, who has brought joy and hope into countless -lives; Dr,— Albert Schweitzer, whose service on

es IP YYQU: WANT: THE BEST «4\. (T= MUST. BE sROBIN" [C eeacny coovesi ) ‘tr. 4| the’ disease-cursed eduntry. of

2. If stubble pasture must be used remove or burn all screen- ings from the threshing settings and take the cows from such fields 3 to 4 hours before milk- ing — the longer the period the more likely that the weed taint will be eliminated.

3. Check by means of taste and odor the milk from each cow. at every milking. If it is tainted, use for feeding - live- stock. ,

4. Before adding the cream from any separation to the ship- ping can check flavor and odor —if tainted, market separately.

5. Often only one or two cows in the herd are attracted to stinkweed and the disagreeable odor can be detected on their breath as they are tied in the stanchion. In such cases milk these cows last and feed the milk to livestock.

Lamborene is a modern epic... But where shall I stop?

The most kindly, gracious, gen- erous, honest people I have met are in the Christian Church. Re- cently at a Board of Missions meet- ing even I was astonished at the

* great amount of charitable work | ‘carried on by the Church. —Cer- tainly the outside world has little appreciation of the vast charitable

‘ enterprises the Church promotes and undoubtedly 90 per cent of the charitable work done outside the Church is the work of Christians.

Undoubtedly we have traitors - like;Judas, but one does not de- sert Christ because of Judas. Undoubtedl, . the Christian Church fai:s far short of its Master’s desire, but what other factory of. character do we _ have? ce y oh 3 hai Tes ete e

Rete pyar ry fe a

but we continually exhort and rebuke. Men outside the Church just do not know the anguish and effort of the average minis- ter — and it sure takes a lot of courage! -

And we do know that no great morality can endure — or be created — except through a great faith. Without Christian- ity ours is indeed a “‘cut-flower civilization’. Moreover, we know that there is no alterna- tive. You cannot defeat bad re- ligion with irreligion, but only with good religion.

Let us remember the late- comer to Church who asked, “Is the sermon done yet?” “No”, replied the usher, “it isn’t done. It’s only preached”.

Save yourself

with sitting hens By M._B. EVANS

| ad area the last few years

Le the “lazy farmer” has come fully into his own. They range from the peach grower in Ore- gon whose orchard looked a mess, compared to his tidy neighbors’ rows, all neatly oul - vated, to the “deep litter” people in the dairy and poultry busi- ness.

The rugged individuals who have had the nerve to forget convention in such manner are a boon to those of us who are

~ sometimes rather slack in get- ting some of our farm chores done up the way we ought to! The latest in this lineis the American poultry-man who, after 25 years of cleaning out henhouses and having roosting problems, went in for the deep litter idea and then, having gone that far, went the rest of the way and threw the roosts out, letting the hens just sit on the floor. After all, what is good enough for people ought to be good enough for hens!

By getting the roosts out there was more room for nests and for space for the birds to sit spread out on the floor. Also there was a great reduction in the mites and pests that get in on the dropping boards and roosts. The labor and expense of cleaning and control was thus reduced, no little item in itself. The droppings are worked into the built-up litter and, since the flock is an 8,000-bird one the saving ,in work is considerable.

His chickens now start out on the floor and stay,there, never seeing such an old-fashioned thing as a roost. Which makes it nice for the likes of myself who never got around to putting up the-roosts for the spring chicks yet and won’t now, since it has got respectable to be lazy!

Conservation

ESTRUCTION of the forest

on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains would be a fatal blow to.agriculture.on the prairie .~provinces. The forest growth in that region slews down the run-off from the mountain snow and regulates the flow of the rivers running jeastward. The regular flow of

these streams is necessary to maintain agriculture and even

human life on the _ prairie provinces. The greatest threat to a

mountain forest lies in fire. Be- twen 1933 and 1949 nearly 3,000 forest fires were set in that area

Coupon

will show you HOW

MATHEMATICS 31 ~

Students desiring Tri- gonometry may regis- ter in Mathematics 31 in the Spring Semester.

Mail This Coupon NOW!

Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1954—Page 23

by careless people. The province of Alberta suffered 29 per cent

of the total area burned and 33 per cent of the total dollar damage by fire in Canada during the period 1940 to 1949.

Aside from the value of east- ern slope forests in regulating

FINAL EXAMIN

MACDONALD'S Fine Cut

Makes a better cigarette

the run-off from the mountain snows, there is the additional value of lumber and scenic view. When properly managed a for- est can be a perpetual resource. The public can never be re- minded too often of the necess- ity of preventing forest fires.

Complete Another Grade By June

with

ATIONS IN JUNE

Did sickness, Har bun bg or anything else prevent you commencing

high school last September

If so, the Mount Royal College Semester

System of High School study can assist you te get the most of your year’s

work by next-June.

Start with the new Spring 6th. write final examinations in June.

Semester that commences December

You may take five major subjects and options up to 27 Credits and All high school subjects of each grade

will be offered, and the complete work covered by. the end of June. A Summer Semester will be offered commencing July 4, 1955, for

High School Diploma.

THE REGISTRAR, MOUNT ROYAL 7th Avenue West, Calgary, Alberta.

and details of the Semester System High School Credits.

Se ee ee ee es

Please send me, without obligation, a copy of your illustrated prospectus,

students needing one or two subjects to complete Senior Matriculation or

SPRING SEMESTER

< MOUNT ROYAL COLLEGE

Commencing December 6th

All , Subjects Grades X, XI, Xi

RESIDENCE ACCOMMODATION

A- limited number of out-of-town students can be accommodated at the College Resi- dences. residences and dining-room facilities, super- vised study periods, and the physical train- ing facilities of the Dr. G. D. Stanley Gym- nasium.

Such students will enjoy modern

(SSCL SEE RL SRE RE! A a NE TS OG COLLEGE,

I can secure the necessary

and how

Page 24—November, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

820-2

CHANGING MAILING ADDRESS? Don't forget to notify the Circulation Department, THE FARM AND

RANCH.

Why Pool Patronage Pays

Every year an increasing number of grain producers are finding that it is good business to support Alberta Pool Elevators.

As a true farm co-operative the Alberta Wheat Pool distributes its surplus earnings in the form of patronage dividends. Over the years this has meant a saving of nearly $15,800,000 to graim producers. ~

An average farmer, for example, who has delivered 2,000 bushels of wheat a year for the past ten years will have received, over and above the full value for his grain, dividends as follows:

This was acquired at absolutely no cost — simply by patronizing the Pool. In addition he has received the fairest possible treatment and the very best grain handling service.

The Wheat Pool reserves he has received represent a share in the ownership of the or- ‘ganization. They are a valuable saving for the years ahead.

This iHustration simply. points out one of the many reasons why Pool patronage pays.

SN uy OWNED “

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pera

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Country Diary —

NOKEMeE really has the worst reputation on the calendar. It lacks October’s bright foliage and cheerful looks. Nor does it possess the exhilaration of the ancient feasts and Christmas celebra- In short, according to tradition and out-door workers, November is a hard, grim char- acter who performs his work with no deviation from the register. But nevertheless, in spite of this and the words of great poetry which certainly have little or no praise for No- vember, I remain of the opinion that the month is libelled.

There are those, and in the great majority, who cannot see or feel or smell the seasons, but have to depend on figures on the wall or desk pad. But the few observant ones who take time for thought look deeper and see the inner planning of Nature who has paused in her visible work overhead and _ above ground, and is now at work un- derground, where a mighty root system strives unceasingly, gathering chemicals from a compost of rotting leaves and grass and moisture of rain and snow, all over the land. It is one of the busiest times in Na- ture’s economy, the time of her annual methodical house-clean- ing. Sap is reclaimed and soil revitalized, while unanchored and footloose things belonging to the co-operators on the land, are gathered into sheds for me- chanical hibernation.

The sun retires earlier and

_rises later these November days

and this allows the land to cool. The night air is thus chilled and its moisture condenses in visible mist which we call fog. Fog is something to be accepted phil- osophically,. and to be borne

Meditations

with patience, until science, sponsored by wealth can form a solution, which may be a long, long time hence. It is a mea- sure to fast travel of all kinds, a warning in fact to go slowly, which might very well be heeded when the mists have cleared. We are fortunate in not having heavy, chemical smoke to create the poisonous smog and “pea- soup”. Besides the occasional fog there will be the usual dark- ened sunless days when the black, twisted branches like tortured arms uplifted to a grey sky, resemble a Chinese etching. Color has gone on these days and everything, sombre and bare, has drawn within itself. There will be chilly dawns, sharp, icy winds, flurries of snow and the winter-permanent snow expected any day. But then, in a lucky month we may have the gift of a few Indian- summer. days, saved from Octo- ber, warm and hazy, with a kind of golden balm in the air.

Fierce, cold days, radiant with sunshine are also November days, and are followed by still, frosty nights, when Orion the - belted hunter is abroad with Sirius his bright-eyed dog at his heels, untired in eons. Our far- distant celestial neighbors, the planets, pass in a silently revolv- ing cycle like a~roof over our little world, through distances that stun the human senses.

The ancients were ignorant of astronomical facts, but they knew the stars from constant study, and their knowledge gen- erated a familiarity and friendli- ness. They adopted stars, as it were, for protection. Now we, living on a small planet, fear and dread its very atoms.

at. Jwilita

What’s Wrong With The World?

By. Ac xk.

MARKS

Mest individuals are so disgusted, disheartened, frustrated, or feel so helpless and unable to suggest a remedy that they say and do

nothing about it.

But really there is nothing wrong with the world, and never has

been, that individual possession of the two usually absent senses wouldn’t correct.

What are they? ‘They are these: First, a sense of humor which will enable us to escape from the usually dominating “salfness” of ourselves, which is just another name for our selfishness, and which so easily suggests to us that whatever is near us should somehow be

- ours because it happens to be around, whether we pay anything for it

or not.

The legendary character, Uncle Eb, is credited with the observation that “The world might owe every man a living, but it is one of them debts we have to. hustle around and collect”.

The second sense that is usually absent with each of us is that quality we refer to as “common sense”. Actually it is the most un- common sense in the world, and, when assisted by a saving sense of humor, keeps us in in the right relationship to ourselves, to others, and to the world in general.

So, if we would discover and correct “what is wrong with the world,” we will make the most rapid and satisfactory progress and reach the truest conclusions, if each of us, applying a sense of humor regarding our own assumed dignity and self-importance, then, with the resulting attitude of common sense, seek the truth, with the beam removed from ouir own eyes, which impairs our vision. We have the © answer to the problems in ourselves. ‘

Rudyard one time told us, That never the twain can meet; But that isn’t true, when we speak of food, For all people like to eat. AVEN’T you noticed that when a group of women meet and someone starts the conversation rolling by men- tioning some recipe... then everyone gets into the act? No matter what their social station ‘in life may be, if they are all home-makers then they are in- terested in the preparation of food.

I attended a large public tea a while ago and each member was asked to write out some recipe. While we were all rack- ing our brains I suddenly over- heard a woman near me,\say, “There’s no use asking me for recipes for all those I have are either from Betty Crocker or Aunt Sal.’’. I started smiling like a Cheshire cat for I wouldn’t be human if I weren’t flattered to be mentioned in the same breath with the famous lady-of-food, Miss Crocker. ©

So for this lady (whoever she was) and any others who may happen to like the type of re- cipes I test and share with you I’m going to give you three re- cipes that I tried for the first time this past month. - The first one is in the pickle class, so please cut it out and paste it in your cook book ready for next year. . This relish is in the same class with the green tomato relish I gave you... and of all

One Basic Dough

makes

: is Dolicious. Bum Cpovltt,

Needs no Refrigeration

Easy as 1-2-3 with new Active Dry Yeast

Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1954—Page 25

Aunt Sal Suggests . ; ;

the letters I’ve received praising it! One lady wrote that she had made it of both green and red tomatoes, singly or mixed. (I did, too.)

Thousanddsland Pickle

Put through food grinder (or cut very, fine) all of these: 8 large cukes, 1 large cauliflower,

milk. 1 egg well peaten, 2 tblsps. melted butter, salt and

pper. After dipping in this

atter, dip in dry flour, then fry in deep fat, 375° F. for 2 min- utes or until golden brown. Drain on paper.

Note: This same batter is fine for fish, too, and that trick

12 large onions, 2 sweet green_ Of soaking first in milk and after

peppers, 2 sweet red peppers. Cover with 1% cup canning salt and 5 cups water. Let stand one hour or more, then drain.

Now mix these: 6 cups white vinegar diluted with 2 cups water, 6 cups white sugar, 1 tblsp. mustard seed, 1 thblsp. celery seed, 1 cup flour, 6 tblsps. mustard, I thlsp. tumeric. Pour over drained vegetables and cook for about 4% hour. Seal in hot sterile jars. (Yum yum, but it is good!)

This .past summer I had visi- tors from asfar east'as Boston ... aS far south as New Orleans - and as far west as Victoria. (No one came out of the far north to see me.) All were interested in. eating. and many asked me to find certain recipes for them. One request was for:

French.Fried Onions

Peel and slice onions in “4- inch slices. Separate rings care- fully. Soak rings in milk for 15 minutes. Drain and dip in this batter: 2/3 cup yellow corn- meal, 2/3 cup. flour, 1-2/3 cups

BASIC ONE-RISING SPECIALTY DOUGH

Measure into a large bowl

sugar

Sprinkle with contents of

Active Dry Yeast

stir in

Stir in >>

flour

1 cup lukewarm water 2 teaspoons granulated

and stir until sugar is dissolved. 2 envelopes Fleischmann’s - Let stand 10 minufes, THEN stir well;

1Y% cups lukewarm water 3fteaspoons salt =>

4 cups once-sifted bread |

Never did buns rise so light—so deliciously tender! And 3 table triumphs from the same dough! When. you bake at home get perfect risings every time with Fleischmann’s Active Dry Yeast.

and beat until batter is smooth and very elastic. Cream in a large bowl = =

% cup butter or margarine Gradually blend in

¥% cup fine granulated sugar Gradually beat in

3 well-beaten eggs

Add to yeast mixture, about a third at a time, beating well after each

addition.

Mix in

'-. 3.cups more once-sifted bread flour °

finish as three specialties,

1. Butterscotch Nut Buns Melt 3 tablespoons butter or margarine in 8-inch square pan; brush sides of pan with fat; mix in | tablespoon corn. syrup, 4 cup lightly- packed brown‘sugar and ¥ cup broken wal- nuts or pecans. Combine in a shallow bowl Y% cup sugar, 1 teaspoon cinnamon and Yg teaspoon nutmeg. ‘Cut out rounded spoonfuls of dough, coat with. cinnamon ~ mixture and place in pan; sprinkle with any remaining: spiced sugar. Cover and let: rise until. double in bulk; Bake in meoder- ately hot oven, 375°, about 35 minutes.

‘2. Cheese Pull-Aparts Line bottom of

~ Divide soft. dough into 3 bowls to, |.

dipping in the batter take a quick dip in dry flour will assure you of a crispy crust on ‘the food. Very tasty.

No matter where our friends hail from they are without ex- ception very happy to get an- other addition to their cookie recipe files. And so I'll pass on this one that I tried (and liked) lately. It makes a-large batch, and they will stay soft and fresh-tasting for as long as two weeks, Ry

Butterscotch Drop -Cookies

1% cup butter, 4% cup peanut butter, 1 cup brown sugar, 1 egg, 1 cup chopped nuts, 1 cup chopped dates, 1 tsp. baking soda,1 tsp. vanilla, % cup boil- ing water, 2 cups all-purpose flour:

Method: Combine dates, soda and boiling water and let stand while combining all other in- gredients. Then add date mix- ture. Bake in oven 350° F. for about 12 minutes. So simple... not an exotic ingredient in the lot, but they are nice enough for

any party fare. If you don’t care for peanut butter then use 34 cup butter for your shorten- ing.

If you are lucky enough to have a home freezer, then just bake part of this batch and freeze the rest for later enjoy- ment.

I do enjoy the letters you write me telling of various freezing tips that you have dis- covered and tried out. L wish that all of you who are interest- ed in the “quick freeze” method of preserving food could have attended a lecture on that sub- ject that I treated myself to lately. Here k had been con- ceited enough to think that I'd learned quite a lot along this line the past two years, but, after listening and seeing what a certain smart little home econ- omist had to pass on.to us, I knew for sure the truity of that statement: “The more we know, the more we realize how little we know.” I'll be touching on this subject again for I’m really “hipped” on it. Bye bye for now, and every good wish.

Aunt Sal.

Budget Problem. In St. Louis, accused of sending his wife only $30 a-month to live on, Railroad Worker Jesse McClinton pro- tested that he could_not possibly afford to give her more money, but got a year in jail after he asked the judge: ‘Who's going to pay for my car and television set?” \

a greased 8-inch square pan with greased waxed paper. Cut half of dough into rounded spoonfuls; place in pan; sprinkle with 2 cups shredded cheese. Spoon remaining halfof dough on top; grease tops. Cover and let rise until doubled in bulk. Bake in moder- ately hot oven, 375°, about 35 minutes.

3. Seed Buns Cut out rounded spoon- fuls of dough and drop into greased muffin pans —each spoonful should about half fill a pan. Brush with melted butter or margarine; sptinkle with poppy seeds. Cover and let rise until doubled in bulk. Bake in moder~ ately hot oyen, 375°, 20. to 25 minutes.

Page 26—November, 1954—Farm and Ranch Review

Let the amazing -results-convince you

flaky pastry! fancy sweet rolls!

fluffy cakes! tender white bread!

Scientifically blended

to assure you of

complete success with

all-your baking- —every time!

*Contains 0.44 milligram of thiamine, _ 0.26 milligram-of riboflavin,

3.5milligrams of niacin f

and 2.9 milligrams of iron per 100 grams.

Look for these other wonderful- Ogilvie products:

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OGILVIE in all (Only Ogilvie

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CHOCOLATE LIME-LEMON CHERRY-POUND FRUIT . ANGEL FOOD

ORANGE SILVER CHERRY-ALMOND

Try these foreign dishes

O does not like to get a- new recipe? If it comes from a far off country you feel you have something really spe- cial. The home economists of the Consumer Section, Canada Department of Agriculture, sug- gest that the best way to get a foreign recipe is from a person who is used to making it. So many new . Canadians have brought their recipes into our communities that you can get them first hand.

“That is one of the reasons that foreign dishes and meals are so much more popular just now. You have probably served one or more of these dishes yourself fairly recently. If you have not, perhaps your reason for not trying one is that it calls for so many ingredients and that it takes so much time. That is the big difference between the

‘recipes in North America and - those in Europe. Anyone who

has been to Europe recently will tell you that the time element is noticeable.

The European housewives are not concerned with shortcuts. You do not see the number of pre-packaged foods over there that -are in all our stores. It does not.seem to occur to them not to make almost everything at home. . Actually, it is the variety of ingredients and the long cooking together that gives foreign food the wonderful flavor that no shortcut methods can quite duplicate. Of course many Canadian housewives just could not spend so much time preparing a meal. -But it is a great pity not to try these spe- cial dishes occasionally. When you get a few you really like, you will probably want to make

them a part of your family meal pattern.

Cooking in a cabbage leaf is a new idea to most Canadians, but it is a very old northern Euro- pean custom. The Arabs prac- tised a similar custom and if you have any Danish or Finnish friends, you will find that they Serve filled cabbage leaves quite frequently. They call them “cabbage rolls”. Since most of the recipes have been handed down in families from genera- tion to generation, there can be almost countless combinations for the filling. The following re- cipe for Cabbage Rolls from the home economists of- the Con- sumer Section, Canada Depart- ment of Agriculture, is one you will want to try for lunch or supper sometime soon.

Cabbage Rolls

12 large cabbage leaves

1 green pepper 1/3 cup chopped onion 1/3 cup chopped cefery

2 tablespoons fat

2 cups chopped cooked spaghetti

or macargni or cooked rice

1% cups sausage meat (34 pound) "4 cup tomatd juice

Wash cabbage leaves and cook, covered, for 3 minutes in a small amount of boiling salted water. Drain and dry on a¥' towel. Seed and chop green pep- per and saute with onion and celery in fat for two minutes. Add the spaghetti and sausage meat, blending well. Put about 1/3 cup stuffing on each cab- bage leaf and roll up, starting from base of leaf. Place in sin- gle layer in greased baking dish. Pour tomato juice over the rolls and bake in a moderate oven, 350° F., for about 45 minutes. Yield: six servings.

Happy Home-coming

Let’s Ask Aunt Sal ae

HAVE received many re-

quests for a copy of the pamphlet that I am compiling for the use of those who have to cook for diabetic members of their families. I find I cannot get this ready by October 15th as I planned, but I have care- fully filed the names of all those who requested a copy and I shall mail them to you as soon as-I can. It will be sometime before Christmas.

Q.: I would like the recipe for a very large fruit cake (about 50. lbs.) to serve as a wedding cake.— (Mrs. J. V., Victoria.)

A.: I'm sorry I have not a recipe this size, but I’m sure you can find a good.recipe for a five- pound cake and then multiply all ingredients by ten.

Q.: Where could I get a low- priced book that will help the members of our club to conduct the meetings according to par- liamentary rules? — (Mrs.-H. J., Calgary.)

A.: There is a fine little book- let costing twenty-five cents put out by McCall’s called ‘How To. Run a Club Program,” that should help you. Write to Mc- Call’s, 183 Simcoe Street, To- ronto 1, Ontario.

Q.: Could you tell me how to make milk jelly ?. I remember my mother used to make it years ago. : a

A.: By the tone of the rest of the letter I think she means jelly that one cans for later use. I haven’t been able to find any such recipe, but one can make very nice jelly for an invalid dish with Jello or gelatine pow- der. Dissolve the powder in %4 cup hot water and when dis- solved add 1% cups hot (but not boiling) milk.

Q.: I wish to procure a gela- tin powder that does not con- tain any animal product. We

once were able to get-such from .

the States that was called ‘Kel Jel’, but we cannot get this in Canada. — (Mrs. B. W.)

A.: I have done much enquir- ing around at large food stores, but it seems that none of them stock this. ,

Q.: I would like to know if you can recommend any books on (1) making, (2) decorating wedding cakes. — (Mrs. J. S., Welwyn, Sask.)

A.: Of course any good fruit cake recipes is fine for a wed- ding cake. One of the latest

bulletins I have is No. 10 “De- licious Fruit Cakes,’’ Cookery Leaflet Dept., The Star Weekly, 80 King Street, Toronto 1, Ont. It costs 10 cents. As for direc- tions in decorating cakes, I can- not find any Canadian: address, but if you write to Good House- keeping, Bulletin Service, 57th St. at 8th Ave., New York 19, N.Y., you can, get a very fine one for twenty-five cents.

Q.: Is it advisable to put a fdwl in a freezing locker after being dressed and drawn ? Would it affect the quality of the meat if fowl is drawn and dressed ? — (Mrs. W: E. HL, Ceylon, Sask.) ;

A.: You must draw a chicken before quick freezing-it. If you mean by “dressed”, stuffed, no it is not advisable to stuff the fowl before freezing. You can roast a stuffed fowl and wrap properly and freeze.

Q.: Could you give me a good reliable recipe. for a cream cake? Those I make seem to get rather heavy, and I wonder- ed if it was my fault or the fault of the recipe.

A.: You didn’t state whether this was for sweet or sour cream. You can -use this for either one, only for sweet cream omit the baking soda.

Sour Cream Cake

2 eggs, 1 cup white sugar, 1 cup thick sour.cream, 1 tsp. vanilla, 144 cups sifted cake

flour, 2 tsps. baking powder, 1%.

tsp. salt, 1/3 tsp. baking soda.

Method: Beat ‘eggs and add sugar. Beat well. Add cream and vanilla and beat again. Mix flour, salt, and other dry in- gredients, sift 4 times and fold gently into batter. Spread care- fully into ‘well greased, 8-inch square cake pan. Bake in moderate oven 40 to 50 minutes.

Note:. — I think likely the reason for the heaviness of your cake was that you stinted on the beating and sifting.

-Q.: I asked you readers who had had experience with “put-

ting down” eggs in waterglass|

or by other methods to please

write and share your experi-|

ences. To date only one reader wrote in, how about it?

Note: — All readers are in- vited to send in their home- making problems to Aunt Sal, in care of the Farm and Ranch Review, Calgary, Alta. —

LES Se Nee eee *

Jhe Dishpan

came at all. miserable year. It may be, as explosions are to blame.

about.

Oe ia toe ieee, Oe ee Oe Oe ee Se ee ee ee

% ee ee ee oe en ee

It's strange that now it should be fall since summer hardly So far the weather has been queer and

| wouldn't be a bit surprised if nature got disorganized by these experimental bouts. chances when he flouts earth's secrets which he wasn't meant, I'm pretty sure, to circumvent. However this may not be so — wet years and dry ones come and go. Those that provide a happy mean are very few and far between. -

| sometimes. wish, | must admit, the atom never had been split. They say its power has uses which will common daily life enrich. The thing is it may wipe us out before its uses come

Philosopher

made a some folks proclaim, the bomb

Man takes big

Se ei Oe ei Si te ee i he Oe ie ee te ee i ee ee

Se Se Oe te ee ~~

g} BW ze) MAGIC PINEAPPLE CAKE 8 tbsps. quick-mix shortening 2 tsp. salt (at room temperature) 1% cups fine granulated . 2 cups once-sifted sugar pastry flour 14 cup syrup from canned : or 134 cups once-sifted pineapple all-purpose flour Y cup milk 314 tsps. Magic Baking — 1 ftspe vanilla ae Powder 2 eggs BV Grease two 8-inch round layer cake pans and line bottoms with greased paper. Preheat oven to, 375° (moderately hot). Measure

Farm and. Ranch Review—November, 1954—Page 27

MAGIC’S MARVELLOUS

Bake it with Magic and serve it with pride!

Sunny IsLETs of golden pineapple in a creamy sea of fragrant frosting ...a tropical topping for the light, clinging texture and flavory filling within. And it’s your success as well as Magic’s—this dream of a Pineapple Cake! For—you made it yourself! Yes, in all your baking you can depend on Magic for praise-winning results. Check your, supply of Magic Baking Powder before you shop this week.

Costs less than I¢ per average baking,

shortening into mixing bowl. Sift flour, Magic Baking Powder, salt and sugar together once, then sift over the shortening in the mixing bowl. Add the syrup from canned pincer, le, milk and vanilla. Beat with a mixing spoon for 300 strokes. Add the unbeaten eggs and beat another 300 strokes. Turn into prepared pans. Bake in preheated oven about 25 minutes. : VIENNESE PINEAPPLE FILLING AND FROSTING: ‘Turn into upper an of double boiler 2 egg whites, 1 cup granulated sugar and ty a syrup from canned pineapple; stir until sugar is partly dissolved. Place over boiling water and cook, beating constantly with rotary beater, until frosting will stand in peaks—about 7 minutes. Remove from heat and beat in “4 tsp. vanilla. Cover an with a wet cloth:and cool mixture comple . Cream 13 cw sere or margarine until very soft; add the cooled icing, a little at a time, beating with mixing aq after each addition until frosting is blended and creamy. Take out about 34 cup i and fold in 2 tbsps. well-drained finely-cut pineapple 4% cup toasted chop Brazil poe pet cold cakes together with this mixture. Fold 44 cup well-drained finely-cut ca: pineap into remaining frosting and use to cover top and sides of 2. Decorate sides of cake with toasted thinly: ved Brazil nuts or sprinkle liberally with shredded cocoanut.

Greco

Page 28—November, 195¢—Farm and Ranch Review

[Ene SAW ON THE FARM}

Havor makes NABOB the most popular coffee

inthe West!

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One day as I was picking raspberries for mother I came to the place where a wasps’ nest had been. I heard a ruStling in the bush and_I thought it was our dog. I called him but he didn’t come. I heard the rust- ling again.. I had my pot full so I turned to go into the house, I happened to look back,and I saw a grey squirrel picking a raspberry off its stem with his front-paws. It picked another berry and then turned and went away. I sure was surprised to be able to get as close as I did to him. - ‘

Donnie Friesen. Gull Lake, Sask.

Box 240, One day when Dad was going to feed the cows in the barn he

heard something hissing like a snake. got the flashlight: Later he looked all over the place won- dering where the hissing was coming from. He looked into'a box which was used to hold grain and there was a mother racoon with five little babies. Next day we phoned to the

a. a.) A SECTION FoR 2 > AB BOYS AND GIRLS

He hurried: home and:

yy \ ‘

the first time I saw it done by pigs. I thought it was rather un-

usual, ‘ Rudolph Lubeseder. High Prairie, Alta.

Last spring one of our cats, Blacky,- had two kittens. She was always wanting in the house and we wouldn’t let. her

in. One night she climbed up

the tree by my bedroom window and jumped on the porch roof. Then she jumped on the window ledge and came in through the broken part of our window. A few days later, when we were

‘away to town, she brought her

kittens in. When we got home they were lying in the big chair down stairs. James R. Branson. R.R. 1, Innisfail, Alta.

One evening, this summer, about 500 cranes landed on our farm. During the night they made so much noise it was

‘almost impossible to get some

sleep. They left our farm about

11.00° next day in the morning.

Victoria Kyca. Box 150, Andrew, Alta.

Bowmanville Zoo and “the zoo

keeper came over and took them away. (Miss) Emilie Grace. R.R. 3, Bowmanville, Ont.

One day I was going to a neighbor’s place when I met a sow and her little piglets. When they saw me they hid behind grass or in small holes, and some just lay flat on the ground very still. I have seen this done by prairie chickens, but this is

Old-fashioned teachers To the Editor : Have read your editorial on school teachers, etc., in the Sep- tember issue and hasten to say it is the most sensible thing I have read for a long time. This compelling” business is plain Socialism. As soon as the scholars leave school, they run into competition. Long live the old-fashioned teacher. The three R’s with some discipline never hurt any one. This pussy-foot- ing round children’s feelings and letting them develop their own personality, etc., is much over-

BRAT comes from, and have we any brats?

Florence E, Bennett. “Victoria, AB eae ae

eLETTERS TO THE EDITOR®

done, and that is where the:

It was a hot afternoon and the flies were bad, so our twenty- year-old horse, Mell, went into the barn to: get away from the flies and eat her oats, but who should be curled up in her favor- ite feed box but. our five little kittens. She. took each one gently by the scuff of the neck and transported them to safer parts of the barn.

Roman Bizon.

Spruce Valley, Alberta.

Help the Wheat Board To the Editor :

The Farm and Ranch Review is in many ways the best paper printed in Canada.

You seem to publish the facts truthfully and fearlessly and without harm to anyone’s per- sonal character. I think that any farmer who will read care- fully your editorial, Heckling the Wheat Board, solves. no problems in your July issue, will,

-at least, refrain from helping

the grain exchange to discredit the Wheat Board.

The Wheat Board has a hard |,

job and is doing it well. ‘

M. D. Cameron.

“Beresford, Manitoba: ~ = t=

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Page 30—November, 1954—-Farm and Ranch Review

1,000,000,000 pounds of milk are produced each year in Mani- toba from which is manufactur-

-There are over 1,000 beekeep- ers in Manitoba operating about 35,000 colonies to produce about 2,000,000 “gallons of ice cream, year.

1,500,000 pounds of cheddar 2 ah eS

cheese and over 1,000,000 pounds of cottage and cream cheese.

Manitoba’s poultry industry is now a $20 million industry.

Burning stubble won't control rust

EVEN THE WRIGHTS WERE WRONG

They said flying would just be for sportsmen, but look at

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from Imperial Bank of Canada. That’s how the money you

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things you need, and at the same time it earns interest for

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co seg e burning has no place in rust control, ac- cording to W. E. Johnson, soil specialist in the provincial Plant Industry Branch. Though many farmers are well aware of the value of trash cover for erosion control and soil maintenance, Mr. Johnson added, a lot of fields in Saskatchewan are still being burned off every fall.

He said that because of heavy straw in many districts this fall and the wide prevalence of rust, queries had been received by the Branch about handling the stubble.

‘Low yields and a large amount of straw may be a temp- tation to burn stubble this fall, Mr. Johnson said. The mistaken idea that stubble burning will help in -rust control may in- erease this temptation. Rust, however, does not over-winter on oats, barley or wheat straw in Saskatchewan and burning is, therefore, not any benefit in rust control.

Flax rust may winter on flax straw, and burning flax straw may be justified if flax is to be

grown on neighboring fields.

There is no evidence to show that burning stubble is of any major benefit in wild oat con- trol, the soil conservationist stated.

Though most areas of Sas- katchewan are well supplied with moisture this fall, dry spring weather and bare surface soil always can provide condi- tions for soil drifting. For the spring of 1955 water erosion may be a major threat in some areas. Soils already holding considerable moisture may not absorb much of the spring run- off and water erosion is the in- evitable result of bare soils. A good surface cover of stubble and straw is a necessary pre- caution against both wind and water erosion.

The large amount of straw and excess moisture conditions on some fields may appear to offer difficulty in cultivation. However, Mr. Johnson conclud- ed, the straw from this year’s crop is rather rotten, will break up easily and should work down without undue trouble.

Low seed prices

Pale seeding prices under the

Saskatchewan forage crop program are the lowest since the program started in 1947, ac- cording to Agriculture Minister I. C, Nollet.

Mr. Nollet said the low costs have been passed on to the farmer, with the Department again absorbing the costs of cleaning, bagging, grading, mix- ing, inoculum and shipping. Pas- ture mixtures are offered for $1.45 and $1.70 per acre, while prices for various hay mixtures

range from $1.50 to $1.85 per

acre. As in the 1954 spring forage

_| crop program, special mixtures

for moderately alkali land in- clude either slender wheat or tall wheat grass with yellow blossom sweet clover, and cost $3.20 and $3.90 per acre re- spectively.

The current fall program con- tains the lowest price yet listed for reed canary grass, 35 cents per pound. Separate orders may also be placed for home at created wheat at 24 cents per pound and for Grimm alfalfa, 27 cents per pound,

Mr. Nollet emphasized that cultivated, forage crops. are the

for Sask. farm

only reliable source of necessary feed’reserves since in dry years native grass yields are poor and in wet years slough hay cannot be harvested due to flooding, He ~ termed feed reserved absolutely necessary in order to stabilize the livestock operation, and urged that at least a full year’s supply be maintained.

Fall seeding of forage crops is best, the Agriculture Minister stated, particularly in western

‘and southwestern areas where

spring moisture might be inade- quate. Fall seeding takes ad- vantage of early spring mois- ° ture from melting. snow to gar-. minate the seed and give good growth before hot weather, and has the added advantage of be-. ing done in an othewise slack period. Moisture conditions this fall are considered ideal for the seeding of forage. ~

Since the forage crop program started in 1947, nearly 20,000 orders have been filled for more than 2.5 million pounds of seed —sufficient to seed down about 50,000 acres of land.

Further information about the program may be obtained from Ag.-Rep. offices, Municipal Secretaries or elevator agents . throughout the province... =

SS earnest RODE OE ae ME CRD Hh (er

Loose_housing cuts dairy costs

ests were carried on at the Experimental Station, Leth- bridge, Alberta, during the win- ter of 1952-53 and the winter of 1953-54, to compare loose hous- ing with conventional housing from the standpoint of suitabil- ity for dairy production.

During both trials the cows were fed their grain ration ac- cording to milk production and butterfat test. The roughage, consisting mainly of good qual-

ity alfalfa hay and grass-legume ~

- silage, was fed to appetite.

The appetite of the cows in the loose barn was better than in the conventional barn. Dur- ing the winter of 1953-54 the cows in the loose barn consumed 8.4 pounds more roughage and 0.9 pound more grain per head per day than those in the con- ventional barn. The cows in the conventional barn refused 4.9 per cent of their roughage whereas the refusal was 2.3 per cent in the loose barn. The feed requirements per 100 pounds of FCM (4% Fat Corrected Milk) were higher in the loose housing barn than in the conventional barn. ite

The bedding requirements per cow per day were 10.8 pounds in the lounging area and 7.1 pounds in the feeding area in the loose barn. The daily bed- ding requirements in the con- vential barn was 7.7 pounds per head per day. Bedding require- ments in the loose barn can be reduced by implementing vari- ous management practices. The roughage feeding area should be paved and cleaned=periodically and should be separated from the lounging area. Adding clean straw in the evening instead of in the morning will also reduce requirements.

The general health of the animals was good in. both barns. The inci- dence of mastitis was nearly equal in both systems. However, injuries to legs and teats, and other illness- es were higher in the conventional than in the loose barn.

Total bacterial counts were taken on raw milk samples

drawn from the milk cans im- mediately -after. milking. The.

average bacterial count was 11,540 from the loose barn and 9,115. from the conventional barn. (Total bacterial plate counts for grade A milk should be less than 50,000 per ml.).

The cows in the conventional barn gained 35 pounds more weight. during the test periods than those in the loose barn.

The cows were calved in the barn in which they were to be milked. The calves remained with their dams for three days and then were-placed in rearing pens in the conventional barn. There were no serious problems caused by cold weather. How- ever, during cold weather, heat lamps should be used to provide supplemental heat for’ the calf

for one or two days in the loose barn.

During the two trials the feed and bedding requirements were higher in the loose barn than in the conventional barn. However, because the milk production was higher and the labor cost was lower in the loose barn, the cost per hundred pounds of milk pro- duced was lower in the loose than in the conventional barn.

Weather ©

records

A FEW interesting weather records reported by R. A.

Hornstein in his pamphlet “Weather and Why” are given. herewith : —

Hailstones :

Largest in world — 15 inches in circumference, weight 1% pounds, Potter, Nebraska.

wiper! ©

is aworn lout windshield

Farm and Ranch Review—November, 1954—Page 31

Rainfall :

Greatest in 5 min. — 2.48 inches,

Porto Bello, Panama.

Greatest in 1 hr, — 10.0 inches,

Catskill, New York.

Greatest in 1 day — 45.99 inches,

Baguio, Phillipine Islands.

Greatest in 1 month—366.14 inches _ Cherrapunji, India.

Greatest in 1 year—1,041.78 inches,

Cherrapunji, India. —

Snowfall : North American greatest seasonal

fall — 844 inches, Tamarack, Cali-.

fornia. North American greatest daily fall —60 inches, Giant Forest, Cali- fornia.

Temperatures : World’s highest — 136 degrees Fahrenheit, Azizia, Tripolitania, Africa: : North America’s highest — 134 de- gres Fahrenheit, Death Valley, Cali- fornia. Canada’s highest—115 degrees Fah- renheit, Gleichen, Alberta, and Wil- mer, British Columbia. World's lowest — 94 degrees Fah- renheit below zero, Verkhoyansk, Siberia. Canada’s lowest — 81 degrees Fah- _ renheit below zero, Snag, Yukon Territory.

Suppose you’re riding along with ‘a beat-up windshield wiper blade. {Bango, along comes rain or snow. ‘And then where are you? Stand- fing out in the rain or snow, mostly, trying to wipe off the windshield enough so you can see, Or, if you insist on driving, you’re just as ‘likely as not to get your block knocked off. Isn’t that silly? You

should’ve fixed your’ windshield .

wiper.

BOG SPAVIN?

“) CLEAR IT |< UP FAST!” says C. W. Pace, Langmont, Colo,

@ “As soon as | see signs of bog spavin, puff or soreness on my horses, | use Absorbine. That's the treatment advised by our veterinarian, and | have been using it for over 16 years.”

Absorbine is not a “cure-all,” but a time-proved help in relieving fresh bog spavin, windgall, collar gall, similar con- gestive troubles. Used by many veteri- narians. A stand-by over 50 years. Will not blister, remove hair. Only $2.50 a long-lasting bottle at all druggists.

W. F. Young Inc., Montreal 19, P.Q.

ABSORBINE

LAWNDALE YORKSHIRES, super- lative bacon type; strong and vigor-

ous, from the best foundation stock.

Reasonably priced. Write— LAWNDALE, Box 416, Vulcan, Alta.

Published in the interests of Public Safety . ._. by

Avperta Brewers’ Acents Limitep

— REPRESENTING —

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real baby, when you hold her tight. Your favorite little girl will love caring for this cuddly baby — she is so adorable in her dream dress. “ ‘

MYSTIC SKIN

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SHE MAKES FACES

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SILK EMBROIDERED DRESS

She is dressed up In a custom ward- robe. Glamorous, sheer party dress. is covered with expensive, shimmering real silk cut-work embroidery! She is America’s most beautifully dressed baby doll.

Her amazing Saran hair, guaranteed not to come out, can “actually be shampooed and set.

Her head turns — she coos happily, like a

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

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Rush amazing ‘‘Baby Blue Eyes’’ doll, Vanity Set, Curlers and Hair Style Booklet at $5. 95 plus C.0.D. postage, Full purchase price refunded if not 100% satisfied.

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SHE SLEEPS

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How 59c Give Ens dow

ALBERTENSIS

Protecti

RECENTLY DEVELOPED THERMOPLASTIC COSTS PENNIES—LASTS YEARS! SAVES YOU UP TO 20% ON FUEL BILLS THIS WINTER ALONE!

Who says storm windows are expensive? Now thanks to the plastics industry, you can wWinterseal every single room in your house—and do it for just

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THIS WINTER used by the U.S. Armed Forces

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Over 1,000,000 homeowners have already purchased Thermo-

READ THESE FACTS

STORM WINDOWS...

fuel bills this winter.

of. heat.

or shatter.

AND SHUTS

THE SECRET OF THERMOPLASTIC’S STRENGTH LIES IN ITS “SPRING

ACTION”? STRETCH. Thermoplastic is only 1/20th the weight of window

ey glass, yet has a tensile strength of 3,000 Ibs. per square inch— withstands up

ACCEPT THIS NO RISK to gale wind pressure without even a rattle. Make this stretch test at home and

TRIAL OFFER : prove to yourself that this amazing “Spring Action Wonder Material’’ stands

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If you would like to try Hold- | Thermoplastic helps seal out winter cold and helps keep your home snug and Fast Thermoplastic storm win-| warm even in freezing temperatures.

dows this oat hee att eonpon below: We-will send you Hold-Fast Thermoplastic Helps Seal a roll of Thermoplastic that is 3

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standard house . size yee Take 2 windows.-Leave one| When wind velocity reaches 30 When eval order pees ere 18 | unprotected. Seal one with Hold-| miles per hour the unprotected all we ask you to do. Fast Thermoplastic. Place a wind | window will start to rattle and let

Pay postman only $5.98 plus} say directly outside each window. | drafts leak through... drafts postage for each set of 10-win-| pjace a lit candle behind each| strong enough toalmost blow out dow ‘Thermoplastic you order.| window and turn on your fan. | the candle. Drafts that can lower eaten a ip emperor of you homey s to egrees...drafts that in every room of your house. If[ WITHOUT cA bemaiueue Santini may add 20% to your fuel bills. f é your Hold-Fast Thermoplastic The candle ‘behind the Thermo- plastic type storm windows. It’s | doesn’t do everything we say — plastic sealed window will burn first come, first served. Reserve | return within the next 10 days without a flicker— without the your plastic storm windows now. | for full refund. slightest sign of going out. Photo- graphic proof of the amazing in- sulating properties of Hold-Fast Thermoplastic.

HOLD-FAST ‘THERMOPLASTIC

HASTINGS INDUSTRIES

Entire contents copyrighted by

: Mail No-Risk Coupon At Once!

HASTINGS INDUSTRIES

DEPT. SW-352, - \60 FRONT ST. WEST, TORONTO, ONT.

Please rush me 108 square feet of Hold-Fast Thermoplastic... enough to fully seal and protect ten windows in my home,.complete with temperature control Hold-Fast borders. When postman arrives I will pay low price of $5.98 plus postage. But if my Hold-Fast Thermoplastic does not do everything you say, I will keep any 2 storm windows FREE and return the rest any time within ten days for full refund.

INA IE. :o1--s-rasshevecnovnvsneasonopsbnnssonteesonansoosheeyscionoustecctssonnéshestsesious}cossssevsilecereostash ence dititiccke

(please print in pencil) PATO RES iris isc ce cks Seaidsactensadichatoriststiteah spcotsocMbbaeetO rast ceMUMicat on nl aie eeEr 1 Gees iepontier seaeenye ns bean pvamene 41) AS il PROV. ccc

gps j Be, ae Ed £& j TRANSPARENT HOLD-FAST THERMOPLASTIC seals out cold and seals in heat. Protects you and your family from bone-chilling drafts and dampness. Keeps your home snug and warm all winter lomg—no matter how cold the weather.

sokbeiprgel chathura sekdaieieitani os ek pe UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF ALBES ~4

BEFORE YOU BUY ANY

ONLY PLASTIC STORM WINDOW THAT OPENS

60 Front St. West, Toronto, Ont.

4 ‘ ' 1 s a

Do your windows turn moist and foggy on cold winter days? Then you need: storm windows. Why? Science tells us the mois- ture on your window pane is proof that cold air is seeping into your home and valuable heat is escaping—proof you are actu- ally losing as much as 5 to 15 degrees of heat every cold day — proof storm windows. can save you as much as 20% on

Lots of homeowners simply don’t realize that if their storm windows are even slightly warped, loose or ill-fitting, not tightly caulked, then that leak can slash insulation by as much as 50% and rob your home

You -can install Hold-Fast Thermoplastic either imside or outside your house, and do it in just minutes without any type of tool whatever. The special Hold- Fast border seals windows tight. No wind or air can leak around the sides. And Thermo- plastic can’t warp, peel, chip

Unlike other plastic storm windows, Thermoplastic allows free ventilation, never lets air grow stagnant, stifling and un- healthy. Simply release the Hold-Fast edge and your storm window is open — the room is degrees cooler—the air is fresher, healthier. Simply ad- just the Hold-Fast edge and your storm window is closed.

storm window never lets air grow stale.

To clean your Thermoplastic storm windows, simply wipe them with a damp cloth—no messy washing necessary. Hold- Fast Thermoplastic storm win-